{"id":11242,"date":"2026-01-12T16:20:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T15:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=11242"},"modified":"2026-01-12T16:20:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T15:20:28","slug":"agenti-novenyvedo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sl\/agenti-novenyvedo\/","title":{"rendered":"Pravilna izbira in uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev: fungicidov, insekticidov in herbicidov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bistveni del varstva rastlin je ozave\u0161\u010dena izbira in strokovna uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev.<\/strong>. Pravi izdelek ne pomaga le pri obvladovanju patogenov in \u0161kodljivcev, temve\u010d prispeva tudi k varnosti pridelka in gospodarski proizvodnji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fitofarmacevtska sredstva se delijo v tri velike kategorije: fungicidi, insekticidi in herbicidi<\/strong>. Uporabljajo se na razli\u010dne na\u010dine in za razli\u010dne namene, zato je pomembno vedeti, kako delujejo in za kaj jih lahko uporabite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vloga fungicidov pri varstvu rastlin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidi lahko razdelimo v dve glavni skupini: sredstva za odstranjevanje trakov in herbicide.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sredstva za tretiranje semen se uporabljajo predvsem za tretiranje semen.<\/strong> \u010ce jih nanesete na povr\u0161ino semena, prepre\u010dujejo glivi\u010dne oku\u017ebe iz tal ali semena. Ta preventivna obdelava \u0161e pred setvijo zmanj\u0161a tveganje za kasnej\u0161e bolezni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdravila proti glivicam, ki se uporabljajo v \u010dredi, so lahko kontaktna ali absorpcijska.<\/strong> Kontaktna sredstva delujejo na povr\u0161ino rastline in zagotavljajo predvsem preventivno za\u0161\u010dito. Vpojna sredstva pa prodrejo v rastlino in ne zagotavljajo le za\u0161\u010dite, temve\u010d lahko ustavijo tudi \u017ee nastale blage oku\u017ebe. Med kontaktnimi sredstvi je ve\u010d re\u0161itev, ki so dovoljene za ekolo\u0161ko kmetovanje, kot so bakrova, \u017eveplena ali oljna sredstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insekticidi: ciljno ali splo\u0161no zatiranje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Insekticidi se lahko uporabljajo z zalivanjem ali kot razku\u017eila za tla.<\/strong> ob setvi (\u010dim bli\u017eje semenu). Za zmanj\u0161anje \u0161tevila \u0161kodljivcev v tleh se uporabljajo razku\u017eila za tla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insekticidi, ki se uporabljajo v \u010dredi, lahko vklju\u010dujejo selektivni<\/strong>, ki so usmerjeni le na dolo\u010dene vrste \u017eu\u017eelk. Njihovo delovanje pogosto temelji na zaviranju razvoja ali zastrupitvi \u017eelodca. neselektivni insekticid<\/strong> zdravila, obi\u010dajno piretroidi, delujejo kot nevrotoksini, vendar nimajo trajnega u\u010dinka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomembno je opozoriti, da ena od nenamernih posledic prepovedi \u0161kropljenja z insekticidi<\/strong> je, da je potrebo po bolj celovitem upravljanju zalog namesto enkratnega upravljanja.<\/strong>. To pomeni ve\u010d pesticidov na hektar in bistveno ve\u010dje potrebe po energiji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Herbicidi: znotraj in zunaj \u010drede<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Za herbicide razlikovanje med obdelavami, ki niso na zalogi, in obdelavami, ki so na zalogi.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intervencije, ki niso na zalogi<\/strong> pred setvijo ali po setvi, ampak tudi se izvede, preden se posevek pojavi.<\/strong>. Ti so zasnovani tako, da dajejo pridelku za\u010detno prednost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upravljanje strni\u0161\u010d po spravilu pridelka je prednostna naloga<\/strong>, ki lahko u\u010dinkovito zatre ve\u010dletne plevele, ki jih je te\u017eko obvladovati, kot so borovni\u010devje, akacija ali trstika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herbicidi se \u0161kropijo s selektivnimi herbicidi.<\/strong> To pomeni, da sredstvo uni\u010di plevel, ne da bi pri tem bistveno po\u0161kodovalo pridelek. Selektivnost je mogo\u010de dose\u010di na ve\u010d na\u010dinov: na podlagi razlik v fiziologiji, morfologiji, lokaciji ali razvojni stopnji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Glifosat, GSO in izsu\u0161evanje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Evropski uniji ni dovoljen, vendar se pogosto uporablja po vsem svetu. gensko spremenjeni pridelki<\/strong> gojenje. Najbolj\u0161i primeri so gensko spremenjena koruza, soja in bomba\u017e, ki so GSO (gensko spremenjeni organizmi). odporni na celotni herbicid glifosat<\/strong>. To pojasnjuje veliko splo\u0161no uporabo aktivne snovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Evropi in na Mad\u017earskem pa so tipi\u010dni pridelki, kot so p\u0161enica, je\u010dmen, oves, son\u010dnice in oljna ogr\u0161\u010dica, gensko nespremenjeni. Kljub temu so lahko ostanki glifosata prisotni v pospravljenih pridelkih, ki so ve\u010dinoma nepravilno izvedeno izsu\u0161evanje<\/strong> rezultati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izsu\u0161evanje je su\u0161enje pridelka pred \u017eetvijo. Z njo se zmanj\u0161a vsebnost vode v pridelku, pospe\u0161i spravilo in zmanj\u0161a vremenska tveganja. Izsu\u0161evanje je obi\u010dajna praksa v dr\u017eavah z bolj su\u0161nim podnebjem, na Mad\u017earskem pa sploh ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fitofarmacevtska sredstva z odgovornostjo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A fitofarmacevtska sredstva<\/a><\/strong> ni ve\u010d le tehnolo\u0161ko vpra\u0161anje, temve\u010d tudi pristop in odgovornost<\/strong> je. Fungicidi, insekticidi in herbicidi imajo pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju varnosti pridelkov, vendar njihov vpliv, \u010das in na\u010din uporabe pomembno vplivajo na okolje, \u017eivljenje v tleh in kon\u010dno na trajnost proizvodnje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poznavanje razli\u010dnih mehanizmov delovanja in na\u010dinov dostave vam bo pomagalo pri je za\u0161\u010dita ciljno usmerjena, upravi\u010dena in u\u010dinkovita.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev je sestavni del sodobnega kmetijstva, zato je vse pomembnej\u0161e vpra\u0161anje, kako kdaj, zakaj in v kak\u0161nem obsegu uporabljamo ta orodja.<\/strong>. Pravilna uporaba fungicidov, insekticidov in herbicidov ne pomaga le pri obvladovanju patogenov in \u0161kodljivcev, temve\u010d tudi pri vpliva na \u017eivljenje v tleh, koristne organizme in delovanje celotnega agroekosistema.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A zavestno varstvo rastlin<\/a><\/strong> ne pomeni ve\u010d posegov, ampak izbira pravega orodja ob pravem \u010dasu<\/strong>, osredoto\u010denost na prepre\u010devanje, razmi\u0161ljanje o celotnem proizvodnem sistemu in stalno spremljanje \u010drede.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znanje in odgovorna uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev sta zato bistvena ne le za uspeh trenutnega pridelka, temve\u010d tudi za bolj odporna, stabilna in dolgoro\u010dno trajnostna.<\/strong> prispeva k razvoju agroekosistemov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9delem egyik alapvet\u0151 r\u00e9sze a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151 szerek tudatos kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa \u00e9s szakszer\u0171 alkalmaz\u00e1sa. A megfelel\u0151 k\u00e9sz\u00edtm\u00e9ny nemcsak a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00e1rtev\u0151k elleni v\u00e9dekez\u00e9st seg\u00edti, hanem hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul a term\u00e9sbiztons\u00e1g n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s a termeszt\u00e9s gazdas\u00e1goss\u00e1g\u00e1hoz is. A n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9d\u0151 szerek h\u00e1rom nagy csoportba sorolhat\u00f3k: gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerek, rovar\u00f6l\u0151 szerek \u00e9s gyomirt\u00f3k. 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