{"id":9658,"date":"2025-02-20T01:46:03","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T00:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=9658"},"modified":"2025-04-10T15:23:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T13:23:21","slug":"permakulturne-pestovanie-hluz-v-madarsku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/permakulturne-pestovanie-hluz-v-madarsku\/","title":{"rendered":"Permakult\u00farne pestovanie ovocia v Ma\u010farsku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kateg\u00f3ria zmie\u0161an\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch sadov bola nakoniec vytvoren\u00e1 koncom roka 2024. Hoci predt\u00fdm bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zaregistrova\u0165 tak\u00e9to plochy na jednotnom formul\u00e1ri \u017eiadosti, neexistovala \u017eiadna dot\u00e1cia ani presn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 v\u00fdsadby. Bola zaraden\u00e1 do sch\u00e9my ekopodpory spustenej koncom roka 2024, bola vy\u0148at\u00e1 z agroenvironment\u00e1lnych platieb (AEM) a nevieme, \u010di n\u00e1rodn\u00e1 doplnkov\u00e1 platba bude k dispoz\u00edcii len pre monokult\u00farne v\u00fdsadby alebo aj pre permakult\u00farnu produkciu ovocia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odteraz mus\u00ed tak\u00e1to plant\u00e1\u017e obsahova\u0165 najmenej 240 rastl\u00edn. Okrem toho mus\u00ed pozost\u00e1va\u0165 z dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch druhov rastl\u00edn, pri\u010dom podiel jedn\u00e9ho druhu nesmie presiahnu\u0165 95%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1.png 1024w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1-768x674.png 768w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1-14x12.png 14w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image1-600x527.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>D\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou permakult\u00farneho syst\u00e9mu je jeho rozmanitos\u0165, t. j. \u017ee pozost\u00e1va z mnoh\u00fdch r\u00f4znych druhov.<br>Tzv. <a href=\"https:\/\/trees.org.za\/what-is-a-food-forest-and-how-do-i-design-one\/\">FOODFOREST<\/a> Koncepcia je tie\u017e zalo\u017een\u00e1 na tomto<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aktu\u00e1lne pokyny pre in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V r\u00e1mci ekologick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca sa m\u00f4\u017eu vys\u00e1dza\u0165 len rastliny uveden\u00e9 v zozname.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Druhov\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie plant\u00e1\u017ee nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 monokult\u00farne; napr\u00edklad ak podiel niektor\u00e9ho druhu dosiahne 95%, pova\u017euje sa za monokult\u00faru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medzi v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi stromami sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa men\u0161ie stromy alebo kr\u00edky, aby sa efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017eil priestor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00darove\u0148 tr\u00e1vnika by mala by\u0165 vysaden\u00e1 trval\u00fdmi a jednoro\u010dn\u00fdmi rastlinami a ich prirodzen\u00e1 obnova by sa mala podporova\u0165 pasen\u00edm alebo kosen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ochrana p\u00f4dy: kombin\u00e1cia plod\u00edn a \u00faloha fix\u00e1cie dus\u00edka<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kore\u0148ov\u00e1 zelenina sa \u0165a\u017eko pestuje kv\u00f4li naru\u0161eniu p\u00f4dy medzi stromami, preto sa neodpor\u00fa\u010da na ve\u013ekoplo\u0161n\u00e9 pou\u017eitie. Pestovanie pop\u00ednav\u00fdch rastl\u00edn (napr. vini\u010da, kivi) na ve\u013ek\u00fdch stromoch je v\u0161ak dobr\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plodiny via\u017euce dus\u00edk zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v permakult\u00farnych syst\u00e9moch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu, preto\u017ee zvy\u0161uj\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 plant\u00e1\u017ee. Spomedzi ovocn\u00fdch druhov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno vys\u00e1dza\u0165, to dok\u00e1\u017ee len rakytn\u00edk re\u0161etliakov\u00fd. Tr\u00e1vne rastliny nie s\u00fa fixovan\u00e9, ale m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 fixovan\u00e9 viacro\u010dn\u00fdmi alebo jednoro\u010dn\u00fdmi mot\u00fd\u013emi, ako je lucerna, vika, semen\u00e1\u010diky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoci to e\u0161te nie je schv\u00e1len\u00fd n\u00e1vrh, odpor\u00fa\u010da sa medzi ka\u017ed\u00e9 1 a\u017e 2 ovocn\u00e9 stromy vysadi\u0165 rastliny via\u017euce dus\u00edk alebo in\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa ekologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ako napr\u00edklad ag\u00e1t, japonsk\u00fd ag\u00e1t alebo gled\u00ed\u010dia. St\u00e1lezelen\u00e9 rastliny poskytuj\u00fa biotop pre \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, a preto m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2.png 945w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2-768x450.png 768w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/tmg.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image2-600x352.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>R\u00f4zne ovocn\u00e9 stromy <a href=\"https:\/\/permacultureapprentice.com\/here-is-how-you-make-a-living-from-a-4-acre-permaculture-orchard\/\">pri zakladan\u00ed permakult\u00fary<\/a> je potrebn\u00e9 dba\u0165 na to, aby stromy neboli umiestnen\u00e9 ved\u013ea svojich druhov. Takto je ove\u013ea menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa jeden z nich nakaz\u00ed, prenesie probl\u00e9m na in\u00fd strom svojho druhu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e1vne prek\u00e1\u017eky: kombin\u00e1cie druhov a d\u00f4kazy o p\u00f4vode<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoci zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edklady (napr. kombin\u00e1cie hru\u0161iek, jablon\u00ed a ag\u00e1tov) sa u\u017e osved\u010dili, v\u00fdsadba lesn\u00fdch druhov v komer\u010dn\u00fdch sadoch je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v Ma\u010farsku zak\u00e1zan\u00e1. Dlhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v tejto oblasti by mohli prinies\u0165 regula\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny, napr\u00edklad kombin\u00e1cia agrolesn\u00edckych syst\u00e9mov s v\u00fdsadbami tak\u00fdmto alebo podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem toho sa pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch pravidiel m\u00f4\u017eu v podporovan\u00fdch oblastiach vys\u00e1dza\u0165 len odrezky a odrezky zo \u0161k\u00f4lok ovocn\u00fdch stromov. Hoci tento syst\u00e9m v z\u00e1sade funguje dobre, bolo by vhodn\u00e9 upravi\u0165 pravidl\u00e1 pre viacer\u00e9 oblasti a pre dom\u00e1ce \u0161k\u00f4lky s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 permakult\u00farne, prisp\u00f4sobiv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ovocn\u00fdch sadov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dom\u00e1ca \u0161k\u00f4lka: pravidl\u00e1 v\u00fdsadby a \u0161tepenia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dom\u00e1ca \u0161k\u00f4lka poskytuje pestovate\u013eom mo\u017enos\u0165 pestova\u0165 ovocn\u00e9 dreviny pre vlastn\u00fa potrebu, ale nesm\u00fa ich pred\u00e1va\u0165 na komer\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Pod\u013ea s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch pravidiel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vys\u00e1dza\u0165 mo\u017eno len stromy, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e boli nao\u010dkovan\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdsev semien a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u0161tepenie nie je povolen\u00e9, preto\u017ee v \u010dase v\u00fdsevu nie je k dispoz\u00edcii nepohlavn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 rastliny a rastlina nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 odrodovo identick\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Preto sa mus\u00ed podno\u017e pred premiestnen\u00edm na kone\u010dn\u00e9 miesto zbera\u0165 a pres\u00e1dza\u0165. Na nov\u00e9 miesto sa potom presunie s podstatne men\u0161ou kore\u0148ovou hmotou, ale hlavn\u00fd kore\u0148 sa pri tom pravdepodobne po\u0161kod\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm predpisom je, \u017ee semen\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa vysia\u0165, musia poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z produkt\u00edvnych, testovan\u00fdch stromov a nemo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 k\u00fapen\u00e9 semen\u00e1, preto\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z in\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. To n\u00e1sledne v\u00fdrazne obmedzuje \u0161\u00edrenie nov\u00fdch druhov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 stromy - napr\u00edklad mandle alebo broskyne (podrod amygdalus) - nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u0161tepi\u0165, ak sa vysievaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee z\u00edskate stromy s rovnak\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami ako matersk\u00e1 rastlina, zatia\u013e \u010do pri in\u00fdch stromoch - napr\u00edklad jablk\u00e1ch alebo vla\u0161sk\u00fdch orechoch - z\u00edskate stromy, ktor\u00e9 sa od materskej rastliny ve\u013emi l\u00ed\u0161ia, tak\u017ee t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 neprich\u00e1dza do \u00favahy. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 odli\u0161nosti od materskej rastliny dokonca prospe\u0161n\u00e9 vlastnosti. To d\u00e1va pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na \u0161\u013eachtenie rastl\u00edn zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pozorovan\u00ed, na selekciu in situ, \u010d\u00edm sa prispieva k v\u00fdvoju nov\u00fdch odr\u00f4d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ak\u00e9 zmeny navrhujeme?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Integr\u00e1cia lesn\u00fdch druhov<\/strong>: Povolenie na pou\u017eitie neovocn\u00e9ho lesn\u00e9ho reproduk\u010dn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v komoditn\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reforma dom\u00e1cej \u0161k\u00f4lky<\/strong>Odpove\u010f: N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u0161tepenie osiva zasiateho in situ by malo by\u0165 povolen\u00e9, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade druhov, pri ktor\u00fdch je identita zasiateho osiva vysok\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Podpora permakult\u00farnych syst\u00e9mov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieto zmeny by prispeli k roz\u0161\u00edreniu permakult\u00farnych syst\u00e9mov v Ma\u010farsku. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna \u00faprava je prek\u00e1\u017ekou rozvoja rozsiahlej\u0161\u00edch komoditn\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by zv\u00fd\u0161ili udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a biodiverzitu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kateg\u00f3ria zmie\u0161an\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch sadov bola nakoniec vytvoren\u00e1 koncom roka 2024. Hoci predt\u00fdm bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zaregistrova\u0165 tak\u00e9to plochy na jednotnom formul\u00e1ri \u017eiadosti, neexistovala \u017eiadna dot\u00e1cia ani presn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 v\u00fdsadby. Bola zaraden\u00e1 do sch\u00e9my ekologickej podpory, ktor\u00e1 sa za\u010dala uplat\u0148ova\u0165 koncom roka 2024, bola vy\u0148at\u00e1 z agroenvironment\u00e1lnych platieb (AKG) a nevieme o vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych dodato\u010dn\u00fdch [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":9660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,40,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ember","category-noveny","category-taj-es-vizgazdalkodas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Permakult\u00far\u00e1s gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcstermeszt\u00e9s Magyarorsz\u00e1gon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A vegyes gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6k hivatalos t\u00e1mogat\u00e1si 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