{"id":12175,"date":"2026-08-11T21:49:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=12175"},"modified":"2026-08-11T21:49:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:49:16","slug":"dobry-vynos-stabilita-aj-pocas-sucha-ziva-kukurica-v-com-spociva-tajomstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/jo-hozam-stabilitas-aszalyban-is-eleven-kukorica-mi-a-titok\/","title":{"rendered":"Dobr\u00fd v\u00fdnos, stabilita, kukurica, ktor\u00e1 pre\u017eije aj sucho: v \u010dom spo\u010d\u00edva tajomstvo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zatia\u013e \u010do po\u010das j\u00fanovej vlny hor\u00fa\u010dav po celej krajine kukurica \u0161u\u0161\u0165ala a dymila, Attila Szeredi<\/a>  A na farme jeho syna Andr\u00e1\u0161a sa morsk\u00e1 rastlina s \u0161iroko sklonen\u00fdmi, s\u00fdtozelen\u00fdmi listami vyrovn\u00e1vala s hor\u00facim suchom. Report\u00e9r sa u\u017e len divil, ako v\u00f4bec niekoho napadlo roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 plochu na pestovanie oreg\u00e1na na viac ako 50 hekt\u00e1rov. Toto rodinn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo v tretej gener\u00e1cii je pr\u00edkladn\u00e9 nielen t\u00fdm, \u017ee pomocou regenerat\u00edvnych met\u00f3d \u00faspe\u0161ne bojuje proti d\u00f4sledkom klimatick\u00fdch zmien. \u010ciasto\u010dne aj vlastn\u00fdmi silami realizuje komplexn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 programy s cie\u013eom obnovi\u0165 odolnos\u0165 plod\u00edn a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 stabiln\u00fa \u00farodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od kompenz\u00e1cie a\u017e po tis\u00edc hekt\u00e1rov \u2013 investova\u0165 do p\u00f4dy, nie do strojov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rodina Szeredi je dnes modern\u00e1, regenerat\u00edvne princ\u00edpy<\/a> Korene tohto po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho podniku siahaj\u00fa a\u017e do za\u010diatku dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov. Pod\u013ea spomienok Attilu Szerediho zalo\u017eil tento podnik jeho otec, dr. Andr\u00e1s Szeredi st., a dnes je jeho syn Andr\u00e1s z\u00e1stupcom u\u017e tretej gener\u00e1cie. Zakladate\u013e, jeho otec, za\u010dal s podnikom v roku 1992, v obdob\u00ed kompenz\u00e1ci\u00ed, a v\u00fdslovne povzbudzoval aj ved\u00facich po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych dru\u017estiev v okol\u00ed, aby vyu\u017eili t\u00fato vz\u00e1cnu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa naskytuje len raz za gener\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Andr\u00e1s
Andr\u00e1s Szeredi a jeho otec Attila (fotografie: autorove z\u00e1bery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Veril vo svoju odborn\u00fa pripravenos\u0165 a myslel si, \u017ee ak sa osved\u010dil v spolo\u010dnosti Gabona Kutat\u00f3, uspeje aj v trhovej ekonomike. V\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky investoval do n\u00e1kupu p\u00f4dy, hoci v tej dobe, v polovici dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov, mnoh\u00ed v\u00f4bec neverili v hodnotu p\u00f4dy. Pr\u00e1ve tento predv\u00eddav\u00fd sp\u00f4sob myslenia ur\u010dil aj neskor\u0161iu strat\u00e9giu rozvoja po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho podniku. Zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske podniky kupovali leskl\u00e9, modern\u00e9 traktory zna\u010diek John Deere alebo IH, u nich pracovali rusk\u00e9 a \u010desk\u00e9 strojov\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky \u2013 traktory MTZ a Zetor. Attila rozpr\u00e1va, \u017ee pre jeho zosnul\u00e9ho mlad\u0161ieho brata bolo \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 prija\u0165, \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do kolegovia sedia v klimatizovan\u00fdch kab\u00ednach, oni sa e\u0161te dria s starou technikou, ale otec bol ne\u00fastupn\u00fd: ka\u017ed\u00fd vygenerovan\u00fd zisk investoval do p\u00f4dy. V\u017edy zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval, \u017ee hoci sa cena p\u00f4dy m\u00f4\u017ee teraz zda\u0165 vysok\u00e1, o p\u00e1r rokov bude ove\u013ea drah\u0161ia \u2013 a \u010das mu dal za pravdu, ceny v uplynul\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach neust\u00e1le r\u00e1stli. P\u00f4vodn\u00e1 rodinn\u00e1 p\u00f4da o rozlohe 10\u201320 hekt\u00e1rov sa za nieko\u013eko rokov rozr\u00e1stla na 300 hekt\u00e1rov, a potom neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd obrat na trhu priniesol obrovsk\u00fd skok v kvalite. V oblasti Mak\u00f3 sa jedno z miestnych po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych dru\u017estiev v\u00e1\u017ene zadl\u017eilo a predalo \u010das\u0165 svojho majetku. Zakladate\u013e, otec, udr\u017eiaval dobr\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 aj osobn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s miestnymi ved\u00facimi predstavite\u013emi: v minulosti ich pravidelne z\u00e1soboval vysoko kvalitn\u00fdm osivom a odrodami. Tak sa stalo, \u017ee jednotka dru\u017estva v Kiszombore, ktor\u00e1 bola zanedban\u00fdm v\u00fdrobn\u00fdm are\u00e1lom, nakoniec na\u0161la svojho nov\u00e9ho majite\u013ea pr\u00e1ve u nich. Ani po\u013enohospod\u00e1rski in\u017einieri, ani extern\u00ed investori sa neodv\u00e1\u017eili prija\u0165 \u00faver a vst\u00fapi\u0165 do tak\u00e9hoto rizikov\u00e9ho bal\u00edka, ktor\u00fd st\u00e1l na pokraji bankrotu. Rodina Szeredi v\u0161ak po zv\u00e1\u017eenom z\u00edskan\u00ed \u00faveru prevzala tento are\u00e1l, vodn\u00e9 dielo a pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pren\u00e1jmy p\u00f4dy, \u010d\u00edm okam\u017eite dosiahli rozlohu tis\u00edc hekt\u00e1rov. Tento obrovsk\u00fd rast a pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad umo\u017enili Andr\u00e1sovi zapoji\u0165 sa do u\u017e stabilnej \u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e1 v\u0161ak \u010delila v\u00e1\u017enym v\u00fdzvam. Po absolvovan\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej univerzity so \u0161pecializ\u00e1ciou na rastlinn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu a produkciu osiva z\u00edskal v dennej forme \u0161t\u00fadia aj diplom z fytomedic\u00edny a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti u\u017e pracuje na pln\u00fd \u00fav\u00e4zok na rodinnom panstve, kde pokra\u010duje v odbornom odkaze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00danik zo slepej uli\u010dky: korene diverzity a zmena pr\u00edstupu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Diverzifik\u00e1cia nie je v hospod\u00e1rstve \u017eiadnou novou m\u00f3dnou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou, ale bola nutnos\u0165ou a strat\u00e9giou pr\u00edtomnou u\u017e od za\u010diatku. Z\u00e1kladom n\u00e1kupov pozemkov bolo pestovanie osiva odr\u00f4d aestivum a durum s vysokou \u00farodnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dzalo z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich kontaktov otca a bolo spojen\u00e9 s v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm \u00fastavom obiln\u00edn. Tieto plodiny boli mimoriadne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu, vy\u017eadovali si mno\u017estvo ru\u010dn\u00e9ho triedenia a \u010distenia kv\u00f4li odstra\u0148ovaniu cudzorod\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek, ale zna\u010dn\u00e9 tr\u017eby z nich zabezpe\u010dili rast. V po\u010diato\u010dnom obdob\u00ed bola \u0161trukt\u00fara v\u00fdsadby neuverite\u013ene pestr\u00e1: okrem sadbovej cibule, \u010dervenej cibule a cesnaku sa v ponuke objavovala aj mrkva, petr\u017elen, pastin\u00e1k, koriander a \u0161pen\u00e1t. Nesk\u00f4r sa od intenz\u00edvneho pestovania zeleniny presunuli k po\u013en\u00fdm plodin\u00e1m, kde dominovali tradi\u010dn\u00e9 kult\u00fary, ako napr\u00edklad jesenn\u00e1 tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica, kukurica, slne\u010dnica a repka olejn\u00e1. V obdob\u00ed intenz\u00edvneho zavla\u017eovan\u00e9ho pestovania zeleniny v\u0161ak \u010delili z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm environment\u00e1lnym probl\u00e9mom. V d\u00f4sledku nepretr\u017eit\u00fdch jesenn\u00fdch zberov a po\u0161liapania \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi strojmi na p\u00f4dach nas\u00fdten\u00fdch vodou sa na poliach vytvorili obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy. Ke\u010f sa upustilo od t\u00fdchto intenz\u00edvnych plod\u00edn, klasick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s vn\u00fatornou vodou s\u00edce zmizli, ale vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy sa rok od roku \u010falej zhor\u0161ovala, zhut\u0148ovala a sp\u00e1jala. Attila podrobne vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee bolo zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 systematicky nech\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etku organick\u00fa hmotu na poliach. U nich sa slama, kukuri\u010dn\u00e9 stonky a zvy\u0161ky po zbere nikdy neodstra\u0148ovali z p\u00f4dy. Napriek tradi\u010dn\u00e9mu striedaniu plod\u00edn, stredne hlbok\u00e9mu kyprovaniu a opakovan\u00e9mu obr\u00e1baniu sa \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy nezlep\u0161ila. \u0164a\u017ek\u00e9 lu\u017en\u00e9 \u00edlovit\u00e9 p\u00f4dy a bahnit\u00e9 hlinit\u00e9 oblasti v okol\u00ed farmy sa ka\u017ed\u00fd rok tvrdohlavo zhut\u0148ovali. Vtedy sa stalo zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia zalo\u017een\u00e1 na mechanick\u00fdch z\u00e1sahoch je slep\u00e1 uli\u010dka. Kone\u010dn\u00fd impulz k zmene dal odborn\u00fd semin\u00e1r v roku 2017. Attilu pozval priate\u013e na dvojd\u0148ov\u00e9 stretnutie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov zameran\u00e9 na regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, kde po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri, ktor\u00ed u\u017e praktizovali bezorebn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie, zdie\u013eali svoje ro\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti. O otvorenosti vtedaj\u0161ieho ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva sved\u010d\u00ed fakt, \u017ee z pribli\u017ene p\u00e4\u0165desiatich pozvan\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov sa na podujatie vybral iba Attila. Tam, ke\u010f po\u010dul o praktick\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkoch, mu v hlave za\u010dala kl\u00ed\u010di\u0165 my\u0161lienka, \u017ee v regenerat\u00edvnom pr\u00edstupe je hlbok\u00e1, neodvratn\u00e1 logika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prechod na bezorebn\u00fa technol\u00f3giu bez stresu spojen\u00e9ho s n\u00e1kupom strojov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00ed si myslia, \u017ee prechod na syst\u00e9m bez orby, n\u00e1sledne s minim\u00e1lnou obr\u00e1bkou a nakoniec na priamy v\u00fdsev (no-till) so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a ne\u00fanosn\u00e9 invest\u00edcie do strojov a hroz\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm krachom. Pr\u00edklad po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho podniku Szeredi vyvracia tieto obavy. Prechod bol u nich postupn\u00fd a dobre premyslen\u00fd proces. Najsk\u00f4r upustili len od orby, potom pri jarn\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch spo\u010diatku na h\u013abke 25 centimetrov, nesk\u00f4r u\u017e len na 15 centimetrov, a\u017e k\u00fdm nakoniec pre\u0161li na minim\u00e1lnu obr\u00e1bku a n\u00e1sledne na \u00fapln\u00fa technol\u00f3giu bezorebn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania, pri ktorej sejac\u00ed stroj vklad\u00e1 osivo priamo do neru\u0161en\u00e9ho p\u00f4dneho profilu. Na ot\u00e1zku, ak\u00fa invest\u00edciu a finan\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e t\u00e1to zmena znamenala, Attila d\u00e1va upokojuj\u00facu odpove\u010f: prestavba strojov\u00e9ho parku u nich nebola spojen\u00e1 s obrovsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"slne\u010dnica,
Slne\u010dnica je tie\u017e s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tej pestrej \u0161trukt\u00fary v\u00fdsadby, na ktorej je hospod\u00e1rstvo zalo\u017een\u00e9<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prosto odlo\u017eili stredne hlbok\u00e9 obr\u00e1bacie n\u00e1radie, pluhy a n\u00e1radie na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00e9 sa stalo nepotrebn\u00fdm, predali zo skladu. Kultiv\u00e1tory a kr\u00e1tke diskov\u00e9 br\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 sa predt\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvali na pr\u00edpravu sejbov\u00fdch l\u00f4\u017eok, sa zrazu stali hlavn\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy. Na farme ponechali iba jeden hlbok\u00fd kyp\u00e1r pre istotu, keby bolo v syst\u00e9me niekde potrebn\u00e9 mimoriadne z\u00e1sah, resp. kv\u00f4li poskytovaniu slu\u017eieb na pren\u00e1jom, ke\u010f\u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri z okolia, pre ktor\u00fdch pracuj\u00fa, st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00fa tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Andr\u00e1s z odborn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska dod\u00e1va, \u017ee najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm krokom pri prechode je jednorazov\u00e9, radik\u00e1lne odstr\u00e1nenie mechanick\u00fdch ch\u00fdb v podoreze a zhutnen\u00fdch vrstiev, ktor\u00e9 vznikli v minulosti, a minimalizovanie \u010dast\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania. T\u00fato vrstvu pod or\u00e1\u010dkom je potrebn\u00e9 pred prechodom na nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m rozbi\u0165, potom v\u0161ak treba pr\u00edsne zachova\u0165 tento uvo\u013enen\u00fd stav p\u00f4dy. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, aby sa po\u0161liapanie zn\u00ed\u017eilo na minimum a aby sa nenaru\u0161ila vznikaj\u00faca p\u00f4dna biol\u00f3gia. Skuto\u010dnou invest\u00edciou nie s\u00fa \u017eelezn\u00e9 n\u00e1radia, alej u\u010denie<\/a>, \u010d\u00edtanie textov a vlastn\u00e9 pokusy, ako aj mnoh\u00e9 ne\u00faspechy, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytli v priebehu \u0161t\u00fadia a prejavili sa finan\u010dn\u00fdmi stratami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f kukurica v obdob\u00ed sucha nevyd\u00e1va p\u00edskav\u00fd zvuk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Najp\u00f4sobivej\u0161ia sk\u00fa\u0161ka technol\u00f3gie regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva prich\u00e1dza v mimoriadnych poveternostn\u00fdch podmienkach. K\u00fdm na poliach s tradi\u010dn\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm a orbou sa v letn\u00fdch hor\u00fa\u010dav\u00e1ch a atmosf\u00e9rickom suchu listy kukurice zvl\u0148uj\u00fa, teda \u201ezvin\u00fa sa\u201d, aby obmedzili odparovanie, na poliach farmy Szeredi s bezorebn\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm zost\u00e1va kond\u00edcia a rovnov\u00e1ha rastl\u00edn vidite\u013ene stabiln\u00e1. Andr\u00e1s vysvet\u013euje biologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad tohto javu. Tajomstvo spo\u010d\u00edva v neust\u00e1lom zakryt\u00ed p\u00f4dy a v neporu\u0161enosti kore\u0148ovej z\u00f3ny. V syst\u00e9me bezorebn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania je p\u00f4da pokryt\u00e1 \u017eivou veget\u00e1ciou viac ako 270 dn\u00ed z 365 dn\u00ed rastlinn\u00fd pokryv alebo hrub\u00e1 vrstva mul\u010du<\/a> pokr\u00fdva povrch zeme. Stla\u010den\u00e9 stonky rastl\u00edn a zvy\u0161ky, ktor\u00e9 zostali na poli, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa l\u00fa\u010de p\u00e1\u013eav\u00e9ho slnka, v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euj\u00fa teplotu povrchu p\u00f4dy a zabra\u0148uj\u00fa odparovaniu kriticky d\u00f4le\u017eitej vlhkosti. T\u00e1to vrstva mul\u010du funguje ako hubka: zachyt\u00e1va rann\u00fa rosu aj minim\u00e1lne zr\u00e1\u017eky ako rosn\u00e1 pasca a takmer ich vracia sp\u00e4\u0165 do p\u00f4dy, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u010faka hlbok\u00e9mu kore\u0148ov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd sa vytv\u00e1ra v neru\u0161enom p\u00f4dnom prostred\u00ed, a vz\u0165ahom s mykor\u00edznymi hubami je kukurica a ostatn\u00e9 plodiny schopn\u00e9 prija\u0165 o nieko\u013eko r\u00e1dov viac vody a \u017eiv\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdnosy s\u00fa vynikaj\u00face napriek technol\u00f3gii bez orby a so zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm vkladom \u2013 ba pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka nej. Dosahuj\u00fa mimoriadne dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nielen pri masov\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch, ale aj pri tvrdej p\u0161enici, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje pr\u00e9miov\u00fa kvalitu. Napr\u00edklad z tvrdej p\u0161enice sa zber\u00e1 4\u20136, ale nie zriedka aj 7\u20138 ton. Attila zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee regenerat\u00edvny syst\u00e9m je dlhodobou invest\u00edciou, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010diatku m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 spojen\u00e1 s mno\u017estvom experimentovania a prechodn\u00fdmi stratami, ale po rokoch u\u010denia sa sa produkcia st\u00e1va ove\u013ea predv\u00eddate\u013enej\u0161ou. V\u00fdnosy sa stabilizuj\u00fa a v dlhodobom horizonte m\u00f4\u017eu dokonca prekona\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 tradi\u010dnej technol\u00f3gie, pri\u010dom n\u00e1klady na vstupn\u00e9 suroviny (hnojiv\u00e1, motorov\u00e1 nafta) drasticky klesaj\u00fa. T\u00e1to stabilita vytv\u00e1ra z\u00e1klad pre bezpe\u010dn\u00fa produkciu zameran\u00fa na pevn\u00e9 trhy a dlhodob\u00e9 zmluvy so spracovate\u013emi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekologick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia \u2013 od hrabo\u0161ov a\u017e po 30-metrov\u00fd lesn\u00fd p\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S upusten\u00edm od obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy samozrejme prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, na ktor\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo h\u013ead\u00e1 nie chemick\u00e9, ale ekologick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou v\u00fdzvou v oblasti ochrany rastl\u00edn pri bezorebnom pestovan\u00ed je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 po\u013en\u00fdch hrabo\u0161ov. Dr\u00e1stick\u00e1 celon\u00e1rodn\u00e1 inv\u00e1zia hrabo\u0161ov v roku 2023 ich tie\u017e tvrdo zasiahla, najm\u00e4 na poliach, kde sa po s\u00f3ji vys\u00e1dzali jesenn\u00e9 obilniny, ke\u010f\u017ee v s\u00f3ji sa hlodavce rozmno\u017eili u\u017e pred zberom \u00farody. Na druhej strane na ploch\u00e1ch po obilnin\u00e1ch alebo slne\u010dnici zostali \u0161kody men\u0161ie a popul\u00e1cia sa r\u00fdchlo zn\u00ed\u017eila v d\u00f4sledku infekcie tular\u00e9miou, ako aj prirodzen\u00e9ho kr\u00ed\u017eenia v r\u00e1mci popul\u00e1cie. Na rie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu nadviazali partnerstvo s Ma\u010farsk\u00fdm ornitologick\u00fdm a ochran\u00e1rskym zdru\u017een\u00edm. Ke\u010f\u017ee zdru\u017eenie doteraz nedostalo podobn\u00fa \u017eiados\u0165 od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov, s rados\u0165ou sa k tejto iniciat\u00edve pridalo. Rodina uhradila n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l, ochran\u00e1ri vt\u00e1kov vyrobili b\u00fadky, ktor\u00e9 spolo\u010dne umiestnili na poliach. V z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblastiach a na brehoch kan\u00e1lov umiestnili b\u00fadky pre \u010derven\u00fa lastovi\u010dku, \u010fat\u013ea, sovu perli\u010dkov\u00fa a sovu p\u00e1len\u00fa, a dokonca ako prv\u00ed v krajine vytvorili aj umel\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie \u010derven\u00fdch krahulcov pomocou vykopan\u00fdch ak\u00e1tov\u00fdch st\u013apov, ktor\u00e9 si drav\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky okam\u017eite prisvojili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"kukurica,
Ni\u017e\u0161ia v\u00fdsevn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka, hust\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka povrchu \u2013 zatia\u013e \u010do inde sa v hor\u00fa\u010dave kukurica vy\u0165ahuje a jej listy sa zvl\u0148uj\u00fa, tu, na lu\u017enej \u00edlovitej p\u00f4de, je rastlina siln\u00e1 a zdrav\u00e1<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hoci v po\u013en\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9moch dravce v\u017edy s ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm oneskoren\u00edm reaguj\u00fa na rozmno\u017eovanie hrabo\u0161ov a samy o sebe nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 \u00faplne potla\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa grad\u00e1ciu, ich pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 je nevyhnutn\u00fdm zmier\u0148uj\u00facim faktorom. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm pilierom obnovenia biologickej rovnov\u00e1hy je systematick\u00e9 vys\u00e1dzanie lesn\u00fdch p\u00e1sov chr\u00e1niacich po\u013en\u00e9 plochy. Z Alf\u00f6ldu takmer \u00faplne zmizla p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 mozaikov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara krajiny, na kilometre \u010faleko ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa kr\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, \u010do d\u00e1va vo\u013en\u00fd priechod vetru a er\u00f3zii. Na farme Szeredi preto vytvorili rozsiahle, 30 metrov \u0161irok\u00e9, viacstup\u0148ov\u00e9 vetrolamy. \u0160trukt\u00fara t\u00fdchto p\u00e1sov pripom\u00edna pyram\u00eddu: na okrajoch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa tr\u00e1vnatou vrstvou, potom nasleduj\u00fa n\u00edzke kr\u00edky, nasleduj\u00fa divok\u00e9 ovocie (ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa potravu a hniezdisk\u00e1) a uprostred p\u00e1su sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo rast\u00face topole a listnat\u00e9 stromy s tvrd\u00fdmi listami. Vysok\u00e9 topole sl\u00fa\u017eia ako vynikaj\u00face pozorovacie miesta pre my\u0161iarky lesn\u00e9, k\u00e1nie hned\u00e9, orly mo\u010diarne a \u010derven\u00e9 k\u00e1nie migruj\u00face z Rumunska, odkia\u013e maj\u00fa v\u00fdh\u013ead na polia obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 bezorebn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dial\u00f3g a odpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku \u201e\u010co m\u00e1me zasia\u0165?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Andr\u00e1s aj Attila sa zhoduj\u00fa v tom, \u017ee modern\u00fd po\u013enohospod\u00e1r sa nem\u00f4\u017ee pova\u017eova\u0165 za v\u0161emocn\u00e9ho boha, ktor\u00fd rozumie v\u0161etk\u00e9mu. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je neust\u00e1le konzultovanie s odborn\u00edkmi z pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch odborov. \u201eV ot\u00e1zkach vt\u00e1ctva sa treba posadi\u0165 za jeden st\u00f4l s ornitol\u00f3gmi, v pr\u00edpade lesn\u00fdch p\u00e1sov s lesn\u00edkmi, v s\u00favislosti s vodohospod\u00e1rstvom s odborn\u00edkmi na vodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo a pedag\u00f3gmi a pri ochrane ope\u013eova\u010dov s v\u010del\u00e1rskym zdru\u017een\u00edm,\u201d \u2013 zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 intenz\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo n\u00fati v\u010delie kol\u00f3nie k monodietu, \u010do v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku biodiverzity vedie k oslabeniu popul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Na farme Szeredi sa sna\u017eia o to, aby prostredn\u00edctvom koordin\u00e1cie striedania plod\u00edn neust\u00e1le zabezpe\u010dovali kvitn\u00face a ope\u013eovacie plochy pre hmyz. \u010ciasto\u010dne aj v\u010faka tomu sa popri kukurici, maku, hrachu, slne\u010dnici a obilnin\u00e1ch pestuj\u00fa aj tak\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne plodiny, ako je oregano (oreganum). Pr\u00e1ve v pr\u00edpade oregan\u00e1 je to takmer bezprecedentn\u00e9: oproti s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm 25 hekt\u00e1rom sa ho bud\u00faci rok bude pestova\u0165 u\u017e na vy\u0161e 50 hekt\u00e1roch. \u201eV\u017edy pestujeme len pre pevn\u00fd trh, na z\u00e1klade predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej dohody. Aj na oregan\u00e1 m\u00e1me odberate\u013ea,\u201d povedal Attila. Z jeho slov vypl\u00fdva aj to, \u017ee s dostato\u010dnou opatrnos\u0165ou, d\u00f4kladn\u00fdm presk\u00faman\u00edm a otvorenos\u0165ou sa v\u017edy n\u00e1jde odpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku: \u010co pestova\u0165, aby to bolo ziskov\u00e9?.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to otvorenos\u0165 pom\u00e1ha preklen\u00fa\u0165 aj komunika\u010dn\u00e9 priepasti, ktor\u00e9 su\u017euj\u00fa dom\u00e1ce po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, \u010di u\u017e ide o konflikty vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z neleg\u00e1lneho usadzovania sa v\u010del\u00e1rov, alebo o rivalitu s po\u013eovn\u00edckymi spolkami. Attila je s\u00e1m \u010dlenom miestneho po\u013eovn\u00edckeho spolku, tak\u017ee ochrana kukuricov\u00fdch pol\u00ed pomocou elektrick\u00fdch ohrad je pre nich spolo\u010dn\u00fdm projektom a spolo\u010dne ju financuj\u00fa s po\u013eovn\u00edkmi, ke\u010f\u017ee prevencia \u0161k\u00f4d sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch zverou je v z\u00e1kladnom z\u00e1ujme oboch str\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pestovate\u013esk\u00e1
V bud\u00facom roku sa plocha pestovania oreg\u00e1na na rodinnom hospod\u00e1rstve Szeredi zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 je tie\u017e v dobr\u00fdch ruk\u00e1ch: Andr\u00e1s pokra\u010duje v regenerat\u00edvnom smere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V na\u0161ej report\u00e1\u017ei sa vyn\u00e1raj\u00fa aj \u00falohy do bud\u00facnosti. Vybudovanie a udr\u017eiavanie tak\u00e9hoto komplexn\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu predpoklad\u00e1 existenciu pozemkov vo vlastnom vlastn\u00edctve alebo mimoriadne \u00fazke a d\u00f4vern\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s vlastn\u00edkom pozemkov. V pr\u00edpade nerozdelen\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho pren\u00e1jmu, na ktorom sa podie\u013ea tridsa\u0165 vlastn\u00edkov, nikto nebude vys\u00e1dza\u0165 30 metrov \u0161irok\u00fd lesn\u00fd p\u00e1s. Attila s po\u013eutovan\u00edm kon\u0161tatuje, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd byrokratick\u00fd syst\u00e9m platenia n\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho za pozemky prostredn\u00edctvom prevodov odosob\u0148uje vz\u0165ahy. Pritom kedysi pr\u00e1ve n\u00e1v\u0161tevy a vypo\u010dutie star\u0161\u00edch vlastn\u00edkov vytv\u00e1ralo z\u00e1klad vz\u00e1jomnej d\u00f4very, ktor\u00e1 je nevyhnutn\u00e1 pre dlhodob\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165. 60-ro\u010dn\u00fd Attila s \u00fa\u013eavou kon\u0161tatuje, \u017ee hospod\u00e1rstvo m\u00e1 ist\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165, preto\u017ee v osobe svojho syna Andr\u00e1sa u\u017e stoj\u00ed po jeho boku \u010fal\u0161ia gener\u00e1cia. Andr\u00e1sa \u010dak\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e1 \u00faloha: po obnove p\u00f4dy je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm krokom vytvorenie inovat\u00edvneho, syst\u00e9m vodn\u00fdch biotopov a vytvorenie komplexnej \u0161trukt\u00fary vodn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva v r\u00e1mci pol\u00ed s bezorebn\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm, ktor\u00e1 aj pri letn\u00fdch hor\u00fa\u010dav\u00e1ch s teplotami 40\u201350 stup\u0148ov nepretr\u017eite zabezpe\u010duje vodu nielen pre kult\u00farne rastliny, ale aj pre p\u00f4dnu biol\u00f3giu, bakt\u00e9rie a huby. Kone\u010dn\u00fdm cie\u013eom toti\u017e nie je len honba za tonami, ale produkcia v\u00fd\u017eivne vynikaj\u00facich, zdrav\u00fdch a \u010dist\u00fdch potravinov\u00fdch surov\u00edn pre obyvate\u013estvo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na regenerat\u00edvnom hospod\u00e1rstve Attilu Szerediho a jeho syna Andr\u00e1\u0161a je p\u00f4da vlhk\u00e1 aj po\u010das vlny hor\u00fa\u010dav a rastliny nev\u00e4dn\u00fa.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":478,"featured_media":12176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-12175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noveny","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nJ\u00f3 hozam, stabilit\u00e1s, asz\u00e1lyban is eleven kukorica: mi a titok? - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/dobry-vynos-stabilita-aj-pocas-sucha-ziva-kukurica-v-com-spociva-tajomstvo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"J\u00f3 hozam, stabilit\u00e1s, asz\u00e1lyban is eleven kukorica: mi a titok? 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