{"id":12145,"date":"2026-07-29T11:46:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T09:46:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=12145"},"modified":"2026-07-29T11:46:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T09:46:57","slug":"hospodarstvo-benceho-sice-nie-je-obrobene-ale-vynosy-na-piesku-su-aj-tak-dobre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/bence-gazdasaga-nem-szant-megis-jok-a-hozamok-a-homokon\/","title":{"rendered":"Benceho hospod\u00e1rstvo nie je zoran\u00e9, napriek tomu s\u00fa v\u00fdnosy na piesku dobr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neust\u00e1le prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa, napriek tomu sa nes\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa na sucho, ale t\u00fato v\u00fdzvu zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa dom\u00e1ce rastlinn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo vyzna\u010duje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pocitom bezradnosti: p\u00f4dy sa zhor\u0161uj\u00fa, po\u010dasie je dramaticky nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9, trhy s\u00fa slab\u00e9. Je osvie\u017euj\u00face rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa s po\u013enohospod\u00e1rmi, ktor\u00fdch tieto v\u00fdzvy nezastavia: Rodina Benceho Ritzla<\/a> Jeho rodinn\u00e1 farma dosahovala slu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy a pr\u00edjmy aj na poliach s mimoriadne nepriazniv\u00fdmi podmienkami a s ve\u013emi mal\u00fdm mno\u017estvom zr\u00e1\u017eok \u2013 \u201ea to\u201d napriek tomu, \u017ee p\u00f4du u\u017e asi jeden a pol desa\u0165ro\u010dia nepreor\u00e1vaj\u00fa. V \u010dom spo\u010d\u00edva tajomstvo? \u2013 aby sme zistili odpove\u010f, vybrali sme sa do Baje, kde sme sa dozvedeli aj to, pre\u010do ak\u00e1t prer\u00e1stol do pluhu\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Portr\u00e9t
Rodinn\u00e1 farma Benceho Ritzla \u00faspe\u0161ne hospod\u00e1ri aj na rozmanit\u00fdch, av\u0161ak kvalitat\u00edvne slab\u00fdch p\u00f4dach<\/em>
(foto: Zolt\u00e1n Kohout\/Horizont M\u00e9dia)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bence spolu so svoj\u00edm otcom \u010falej vedie rodinn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo v mikroregi\u00f3ne Baja, ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1klady polo\u017eila e\u0161te jeho prababi\u010dka a ktor\u00e9 rozbehol jeho otec. Rodina dnes obhospodaruje pribli\u017ene 150 hekt\u00e1rov v okruhu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch kilometrov. Podmienky na jednotliv\u00fdch poliach s\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorod\u00e9: s\u00fa tu aluvi\u00e1lne p\u00f4dy na brehoch Dunaja, oblasti s plytkou ornicou a pieso\u010dnat\u00e9 \u00fazemia, ale aj pieso\u010dnat\u00e9 p\u00f4dy s lep\u0161ou \u0161trukt\u00farou a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahom humusu. T\u00e1to rozmanitos\u0165 ich sama o sebe nau\u010dila opatrnosti, preto\u017ee to, \u010do funguje na jednom poli, m\u00f4\u017ee na inom \u013eahko predstavova\u0165 riziko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrite si aj tento n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nok:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e d\u00e1vno nie je \u00falohou regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva nie\u010do dokazova\u0165<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orba bola zo syst\u00e9mu vyraden\u00e1 u\u017e pred viac ako desiatimi rokmi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je hlavn\u00fdm zameran\u00edm hospod\u00e1rstva pestovanie rastl\u00edn. V striedan\u00ed plod\u00edn sa pestuj\u00fa obilniny, jesenn\u00fd a jarn\u00fd ovos, p\u0161enica, osivo, hrach, slne\u010dnica, na men\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch kukurica a \u010fal\u0161ie plodiny. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom tejto technol\u00f3gie v\u0161ak nie je konkr\u00e9tna plodina, ale zachovanie kvality p\u00f4dy. V uva\u017eovan\u00ed rodiny Bencov\u00fdch nie je p\u00f4da len jednoduch\u00fdm pestovate\u013esk\u00fdm m\u00e9diom, ale zdrojom, ktor\u00e9ho schopnos\u0165 zadr\u017eiava\u0165 vodu, \u0161trukt\u00fara a biologick\u00e1 aktivita rozhoduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom ur\u010duj\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho podniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea Benceho sa t\u00e1to zmena neudiala zo d\u0148a na de\u0148. Najprv len experimentovali: jednu oblas\u0165 kyprili, druh\u00fa br\u00e1nili, inde obr\u00e1bali menej do h\u013abky. Sledovali, \u010di je v \u00farode badate\u013en\u00fd rozdiel, resp. ko\u013eko \u010dasu, paliva a energie si jednotliv\u00e9 rie\u0161enia vy\u017eaduj\u00fa. Na z\u00e1klade nieko\u013ekoro\u010dn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee menej p\u00f4dnych pr\u00e1c nemus\u00ed nutne znamena\u0165 hor\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako povedal, naposledy orali v roku 2013. Pluh sa z farmy vytratil o nieko\u013eko rokov nesk\u00f4r, pri\u010dom medzi\u010dasom do neho takmer dor\u00e1stol (!) ak\u00e1t. To jasne ukazuje, ak\u00e9 definit\u00edvne sa tento smer stal: striedav\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie postupne nahradil syst\u00e9m bez striedania a nesk\u00f4r priamy v\u00fdsev. Pod\u013ea Benceho bolo pri tomto prechode k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm poznan\u00edm, \u017ee nar\u00fa\u0161anie p\u00f4dy znamen\u00e1 nielen pr\u00e1cu, ale aj straty: a to tak v \u0161trukt\u00fare, ako aj vo vlhkosti a \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Priamov\u00fdsev u nich nie je m\u00f3dou, ale strat\u00e9giou na ochranu vodn\u00fdch zdrojov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na farme dnes pracuj\u00fa syst\u00e9mom bezorebn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00e1cu vykon\u00e1va sec\u00ed stroj bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho orania, diskovania \u010di kyprovania. Bence to vyjadril takto: ka\u017ed\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s p\u00f4dou vedie k strate vody. Jedno oranie, kyprovanie, diskovanie alebo dokonca aj preor\u00e1vanie m\u00f4\u017ee z p\u00f4dy odobra\u0165 vlhkos\u0165, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno mera\u0165 v milimetroch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na dne\u0161n\u00e9 extr\u00e9mne poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky to u\u017e nie je len detailn\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165. Ak hospod\u00e1rstvo strat\u00ed 5, 10 alebo dokonca viac milimetrov vody v d\u00f4sledku zbyto\u010dnej obr\u00e1bky, m\u00f4\u017ee to nesk\u00f4r ch\u00fdba\u0165 pri kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, tvorbe odno\u017e\u00ed alebo tvorbe z\u0155n. Preto Bencovci neuva\u017euj\u00fa o zavla\u017eovan\u00ed, ale o tom, \u017ee by mali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tak\u00fa technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 udr\u017e\u00ed v p\u00f4de \u010do najviac vody<\/a>. Priamy v\u00fdsev pre nich nie je technologickou v\u00fdstrednos\u0165ou, ale reakciou na to, \u017ee zr\u00e1\u017eky s\u00fa \u010doraz nepredv\u00eddate\u013enej\u0161ie a let\u00e1 \u010doraz viac vystavuj\u00fa p\u00f4du n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm podmienkam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvy\u0161ky stoniek nie s\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017ekou, ale kryt\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prvkom tohto syst\u00e9mu je, \u017ee cie\u013eom nie je odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 zvy\u0161ky stoniek, ale ponecha\u0165 ich na povrchu. Rastlinn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky ponechan\u00e9 na poliach tienia p\u00f4du, zmier\u0148uj\u00fa odparovanie, chr\u00e1nia povrch pred er\u00f3ziou a prispievaj\u00fa k zachovaniu p\u00f4dneho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea Benceho je to obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v pieso\u010dnatej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach s hor\u0161\u00edm hospod\u00e1ren\u00edm s vodou. Tam, kde slnko dlh\u0161ie priamo dopad\u00e1 na p\u00f4du, vlhkos\u0165 sa str\u00e1ca r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Zakryt\u00fd povrch naopak pom\u00e1ha tomu, aby sa predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face zr\u00e1\u017eky vyu\u017eili dlh\u0161ie. Na farme tie\u017e zistili, \u017ee na niektor\u00fdch strnisk\u00e1ch dok\u00e1zali obilniny vykl\u00ed\u010di\u0165 aj po\u010das ve\u013emi such\u00e9ho jesene, preto\u017ee v p\u00f4de zostalo to\u013eko vlhkosti, ko\u013eko bolo potrebn\u00e9 na kl\u00ed\u010denie. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stonkov\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky nie s\u00fa odpadom, ale jednou z z\u00e1ruk \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho \u0161tartu nasleduj\u00facej plodiny. \u201eV praxi sa o tom d\u00e1 a treba sa ve\u013ea nau\u010di\u0165, preto\u017ee stonkov\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa v\u00fdsevu a ochrany rastl\u00edn. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak poskytuj\u00fa aj ve\u013ea odpoved\u00ed na probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa pri tradi\u010dnom obr\u00e1ban\u00ed p\u00f4dy. Len jeden pr\u00edklad: na jednom poli, kde sa \u017eatva vykonala s vysokou strni\u0161\u0165ou, bola po silnej\u0161om da\u017edi h\u013abka premo\u010denej vrstvy 18\u201320 centimetrov, zatia\u013e \u010do na poli s ni\u017e\u0161ou strni\u0161\u0165ou to bolo len 10 centimetrov. Ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 aj to, ko\u013eko rastlinn\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov zachyt\u00e1va vietor a ko\u013eko vody dok\u00e1\u017eu odvies\u0165 do p\u00f4dy,\u201d uv\u00e1dza n\u00e1zorn\u00fd pr\u00edklad mlad\u00fd odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd absolvoval po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1 v H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na ploche 60 hekt\u00e1rov bola pred jarn\u00fdmi plodinami vysaden\u00e1 krycia plodina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Krycie plodiny sa nepova\u017euj\u00fa za administrat\u00edvnu povinnos\u0165. Bence zd\u00f4raznil, \u017ee ich cie\u013eom nie je \u201eod\u0161krtn\u00fa\u0165\u201d zazelenenie, ale da\u0165 mu zmysel. Minul\u00fd rok vysadili krycie rastliny na ploche pribli\u017ene 60 hekt\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 boli ur\u010den\u00e9 ako predsada pre jarn\u00e9 plodiny. Tieto porasty na jese\u0148 pekne vykl\u00ed\u010dili, cez zimu zostali na poli a na jar boli zlikvidovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00daloha kryc\u00edch rastl\u00edn je u nich viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1: chr\u00e1nia p\u00f4du, zakr\u00fdvaj\u00fa povrch, svojimi kore\u0148mi zlep\u0161uj\u00fa jej \u0161trukt\u00faru a cukrami vy\u017eivuj\u00fa p\u00f4dny \u017eivot. Nasleduj\u00faca hlavn\u00e1 plodina tak neputuje do \u201epr\u00e1zdnej\u201d p\u00f4dy, ale do prostredia, kde na \u0148u u\u017e \u010dakaj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 kore\u0148ov\u00e9 chodby, organick\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky a akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie biologick\u00e9 procesy. Pod\u013ea Benceho m\u00e1 krycia rastlina svoj pr\u00ednos aj vtedy, ke\u010f ju zver zje vo ve\u013ekej miere, preto\u017ee kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a biologick\u00fd vplyv zanechan\u00fd v p\u00f4de v takom pr\u00edpade nezmizn\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Jarn\u00e9
Jarn\u00e9 strukoviny a obilniny zasiate do zvy\u0161kov stebiel \u2013 na rozdiel od okolit\u00fdch pol\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom obr\u00e1bania \u2013 dosiahli prijate\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdnos aj v suchom roku (fotografie: Bence Ritzl)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nie je jedno, ak\u00e1 hlavn\u00e1 plodina sa vysad\u00ed na miesto predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej plodiny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zmesi kryc\u00edch rastl\u00edn sa v\u017edy prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa nasleduj\u00facej hlavnej plodine. Pod\u013ea Benceho je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm pravidlom, aby sa do zmesi nedostala pr\u00edbuzn\u00e1 rastlina, ak po nej nasleduje rovnak\u00e1 alebo bl\u00edzko pr\u00edbuzn\u00e1 hlavn\u00e1 plodina. Slne\u010dnica je napr\u00edklad dobr\u00e1, lacn\u00e1, \u013eahko mrazuvzdorn\u00e1 a silne kore\u0148ov\u00e1 zlo\u017eka zmesi, ale ak je nasleduj\u00facou hlavnou plodinou tie\u017e slne\u010dnica, do zmesi sa nezara\u010fuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje na to aj d\u00f4vod z h\u013eadiska ochrany rastl\u00edn: neoplat\u00ed sa z\u00e1merne udr\u017eiava\u0165 tak\u00e9 striedanie plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 by mohlo napom\u00e1ha\u0165 prezimovaniu patog\u00e9nov alebo \u0161kodcov. V po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve sa preto uva\u017euje po jednotliv\u00fdch poliach. Pozr\u00fa sa, \u010do bolo predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face plodina, \u010do bude nasledova\u0165, a pod\u013ea toho prisp\u00f4sobia zmes. Napr\u00edklad ve\u013ekozrnn\u00fd hrach sa m\u00f4\u017ee vysieva\u0165 zo samostatnej z\u00e1sob\u00e1rne semien, zatia\u013e \u010do men\u0161ie semen\u00e1 \u2013 ovos, repku, slne\u010dnicu, \u013ean, fac\u00e9liu \u2013 sa vysievaj\u00fa z inej z\u00e1sob\u00e1rne. Nie je to nijak\u00e9 ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 rozhodnutie, ale stabilita syst\u00e9mu \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed pr\u00e1ve od tak\u00fdchto drobn\u00fdch, vopred premyslen\u00fdch krokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1tum ukon\u010denia sa t\u00fdka aj teploty vody a p\u00f4dy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rozhodnutie o termin\u00e1cii krycej plodiny patr\u00ed medzi najcitlivej\u0161ie. Pod\u013ea Benceho by v z\u00e1sade bolo dobr\u00e9, keby porast zostal zelen\u00fd \u010do najdlh\u0161ie, preto\u017ee dovtedy \u017eiv\u00ed p\u00f4du \u017eiv\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi. Ak v\u0161ak zostane pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho, spotreb\u00fava aj vodu, ktor\u00e1 nesk\u00f4r m\u00f4\u017ee ch\u00fdba\u0165 hlavnej plodine. \u201ePreto je to neust\u00e1ly proces prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eania, je potrebn\u00e9 neust\u00e1le zva\u017eova\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu. Treba sledova\u0165, \u010di sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa zr\u00e1\u017eky, ko\u013eko vody je v p\u00f4de, kedy bude nasledova\u0165 v\u00fdsev a ako r\u00fdchlo sa p\u00f4da otep\u013euje. Ak sa krycia rastlina ponech\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho, m\u00f4\u017ee udr\u017eiava\u0165 povrch chladnej\u0161\u00ed, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee u niektor\u00fdch jarn\u00fdch plod\u00edn spomali\u0165 ich rast. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jej pred\u010dasn\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 priazniv\u00fd vplyv na p\u00f4dny \u017eivot,\u201d hovor\u00ed Bence. Rozhodnutie teda nie je \u0161abl\u00f3nov\u00e9, ale z\u00e1vis\u00ed od pos\u00fadenia situ\u00e1cie; je to skuto\u010dn\u00e1 hra na trpezlivos\u0165. Treba sledova\u0165 po\u010dasie, p\u00f4du a potreby hlavnej plodiny a potom v\u010das prija\u0165 rozhodnutie, sk\u00f4r ne\u017e krycia plodina u\u017e nepom\u00f4\u017ee, ale bude odobera\u0165 vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ia norma osiva nie je \u00faspora, ale prisp\u00f4sobenie sa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na farme prehodnotili aj normu v\u00fdsevu. V pr\u00edpade kukurice napr\u00edklad vysk\u00fa\u0161ali ve\u013emi n\u00edzku hustotu v\u00fdsevu, pribli\u017ene 41 500 z\u0155n na meter \u0161tvorcov\u00fd. T\u00fdm sa hne\u010f vzdali n\u00e1deje na mimoriadnu, takmer rekordn\u00fa \u00farodu, ale to ani nebolo ich cie\u013eom. Logika spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee v suchom roku je v red\u0161om poraste men\u0161ia konkurencia o vodu a \u017eiviny medzi rastlinami, tak\u017ee je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u0161anca, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 rastlina vyprodukuje aspo\u0148 jeden klas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bence experimentuje s ni\u017e\u0161ou normou aj pri obilnin\u00e1ch. P\u0161enicu pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa na niektor\u00fdch \u00fasekoch vysieva\u0165 s normou 160\u2013170 kilogramov, inde s normou 130 alebo dokonca 100 kilogramov osiva na hekt\u00e1r. Ot\u00e1zkou je, do akej miery to porast dok\u00e1\u017ee kompenzova\u0165 hustotou porastu a do akej miery bude red\u0161\u00ed porast menej citliv\u00fd na hubov\u00e9 choroby. Riedkej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsev teda nie je len jednoduch\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1kladov, ale vedom\u00fdm riaden\u00edm riz\u00edk: menej rastl\u00edn s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed o t\u00fa ist\u00fa vodu, pri\u010dom obilnina, ktor\u00e1 sa spr\u00e1vne rozbehla, m\u00f4\u017ee bo\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdhonkami vykompenzova\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"slne\u010dnicov\u00e9
Prax a nutnos\u0165 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa zmene kl\u00edmy nau\u010dili Bencov\u00fdch dokonca aj to, do akej v\u00fd\u0161ky je vhodn\u00e9 necha\u0165 stonku, aby sa zachovala vlhkos\u0165 (foto: autorova sn\u00edmka)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ia norma funguje len pri dobrom stave p\u00f4dy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ia norma v\u0161ak nefunguje sama o sebe. Je potrebn\u00fd dobr\u00fd stav p\u00f4dy, vhodn\u00fd term\u00edn v\u00fdsevu a r\u00fdchle kl\u00ed\u010denie. Ak sa osivo s\u00edce zasiate v okt\u00f3bri, ale vykl\u00ed\u010di a\u017e koncom novembra, z agronomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa to u\u017e nepova\u017euje za okt\u00f3brov\u00fd v\u00fdsev. Pod\u013ea Benceho je zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd po\u010det rastl\u00edn prijate\u013en\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm vtedy, ak p\u00f4da dok\u00e1\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165 kl\u00ed\u010denie a porast sa m\u00f4\u017ee v\u010das rozbehn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto nepova\u017euje za vhodn\u00e9, ak sa niekto z jedn\u00e9ho roka na druh\u00fd bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pr\u00edpravy pok\u00fa\u0161a tento syst\u00e9m prevzia\u0165. Za zriedkavej\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsevom u nich stoj\u00ed u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov \u0161etrn\u00e9ho obhospodarovania p\u00f4dy, zlep\u0161uj\u00faci sa stav p\u00f4dy, zakryt\u00fd povrch a pozorovanie. Zn\u00ed\u017eenie normy v\u00fdsevu teda nie je samostatn\u00fd trik, ale jeden z d\u00f4sledkov dlhodob\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 nie je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u00faroda, ale slu\u0161n\u00fd zisk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z h\u013eadiska hospod\u00e1rstva nie je hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom rekordn\u00fd v\u00fdnos. Samozrejme, priemern\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy s\u00fa aj tak atrakt\u00edvne v porovnan\u00ed s celo\u0161t\u00e1tnymi priemermi z posledn\u00fdch rokov. Pri p\u0161enici a ja\u010dmeni je be\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdnos 6 ton, zo slne\u010dnice sa v roku 2023 zo\u017ealo 3,9 tony tam, kde susedn\u00fd po\u013enohospod\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pestovate\u013esk\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, zo\u017eal len 3,4 tony. Pod\u013ea Benceho je za s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podmienok v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch il\u00faziou sna\u017ei\u0165 sa dosiahnu\u0165 star\u00e9 rekordn\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy, najm\u00e4 pri kukurici a na menej priazniv\u00fdch \u00fazemiach. \u201eU\u017e d\u00e1vno sa nesna\u017e\u00edme dosiahnu\u0165 \u00farodu kukurice 120 m\u00e1\u017e: jednak by to u\u017e nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165, jednak rozhoduj\u00face nie je mno\u017estvo, ale bilancia pr\u00edjmov a v\u00fddavkov,\u201d argumentuje po\u013enohospod\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Menej hust\u00e9 v\u00fdsevy, menej p\u00f4dnych pr\u00e1c a zachovanie vody \u2013 to v\u0161etko sl\u00fa\u017ei na to, aby hospod\u00e1rstvo dosiahlo prijate\u013en\u00fa \u00farodu s men\u0161\u00edm rizikom a pri ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladoch. Tento pr\u00edstup neznamen\u00e1 vzdanie sa \u00farody, ale ochranu zisku. Ak porast nedosiahne rekordn\u00fd v\u00fdnos, ale s men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estvom osiva, menej z\u00e1sahmi, ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1kladmi a lep\u0161\u00edm hospod\u00e1ren\u00edm s vodou pod\u00e1va stabiln\u00e9 v\u00fdkony, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 z ekonomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska hodnotnej\u0161\u00ed ako technol\u00f3gia zameran\u00e1 na vysok\u00fd v\u00fdnos, ktor\u00e1 je v\u0161ak n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a rizikov\u00e1. Pre rodinu Bencov\u00fdch nie je ot\u00e1zkou, ko\u013eko by sa teoreticky dalo zozbiera\u0165 v ide\u00e1lnom roku, ale ak\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia zostane \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 aj v r\u00f4znych ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie je n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri maj\u00fa obavy z tohto prechodu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea Benceho sa mnoh\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa prechodu na \u0161etrn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy, preto\u017ee ide skuto\u010dne o zlo\u017eit\u00fd proces. Nefunguje to tak, \u017ee niekto v jednom roku e\u0161te obr\u00e1ba p\u00f4du do prachu a v nasleduj\u00facom roku bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek d\u00f4sledkov prejde na syst\u00e9m bezorebn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania. P\u00f4da potrebuje \u010das a po\u013enohospod\u00e1r sk\u00fasenosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom ob\u00e1v je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie je efektnej\u0161ie a z\u0432\u0438\u0447nej\u0161ie. \u010cerstvo zoran\u00e1, \u010dist\u00e1 p\u00f4da je v o\u010diach mnoh\u00fdch st\u00e1le symbolom dobr\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1renia, zatia\u013e \u010do pole pokryt\u00e9 zvy\u0161kami stebiel m\u00f4\u017ee na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead p\u00f4sobi\u0165 neupravenej\u0161ie. Pod\u013ea Benceho sk\u00fasenost\u00ed v\u0161ak nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u201ekr\u00e1se\u201d povrchu, ale na tom, ko\u013eko vody si p\u00f4da uchov\u00e1va, ako r\u00fdchlo kl\u00ed\u010di rastlina a do akej miery zost\u00e1va p\u00f4dna \u0161trukt\u00fara \u017eiv\u00e1. Ako pozit\u00edvny pr\u00edklad uv\u00e1dza Asoci\u00e1cia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov za obnovu p\u00f4dy<\/a> svoju \u010dinnos\u0165: pr\u00e1ve oni sa u\u017e roky sna\u017eia prostredn\u00edctvom organizovania odborn\u00fdch spolo\u010denstiev, odborn\u00fdch dn\u00ed a konferenci\u00ed spr\u00edstupni\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom vedomosti potrebn\u00e9 na prechod na nov\u00e9 met\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Treba za\u010da\u0165 v malom, nie v celom hospod\u00e1rstve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bence odpor\u00fa\u010da, aby nikto neza\u010d\u00ednal experimentova\u0165 na ve\u013ekej ploche. Na hospod\u00e1rstve s rozlohou nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek hekt\u00e1rov nieko\u013eko hekt\u00e1rov pokusnej plochy neohroz\u00ed prev\u00e1dzku, no d\u00e1 sa z toho ve\u013ea nau\u010di\u0165. Pod\u013ea neho je na prechod potrebn\u00e1 trpezlivos\u0165, pozorovanie, odborn\u00e1 otvorenos\u0165 a kontakty s po\u013enohospod\u00e1rmi, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa na tejto ceste u\u017e \u010falej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u0161ie pokusn\u00e9 polia s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aj preto, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo je in\u00e9. Li\u0161ia sa p\u00f4dy, klimatick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, strojov\u00fd park, striedanie plod\u00edn a ciele po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov. To, \u010do na jednom mieste prin\u00e1\u0161a r\u00fdchle v\u00fdsledky, m\u00f4\u017ee na inom mieste vy\u017eadova\u0165 nieko\u013ekoro\u010dn\u00e9 prechodn\u00e9 obdobie. Pod\u013ea Benceho pr\u00e1ve preto netreba kop\u00edrova\u0165, ale u\u010di\u0165 sa, sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 a prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165 syst\u00e9m vlastn\u00fdm podmienkam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo nie je recept, ale sp\u00f4sob myslenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edklad farmy Ritzl ukazuje, \u017ee regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo bez orby a kyprovania nie je ot\u00e1zkou jedin\u00e9ho stroja \u010di jedin\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho prvku. Priamy v\u00fdsev, zachovanie rastlinn\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov, krycie plodiny, premyslen\u00fd v\u00fdber predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plod\u00edn, zn\u00ed\u017eenie normy v\u00fdsevu a zadr\u017eiavanie vody spolu tvoria ucelen\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bence
Cie\u013eom komunity \u013eud\u00ed zaoberaj\u00facich sa obnovou p\u00f4dy je \u0161\u00edrenie vedomost\u00ed potrebn\u00fdch na t\u00fato zmenu \u2013 hovor\u00ed mlad\u00fd po\u013enohospod\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd sa touto cestou uber\u00e1 u\u017e takmer dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia (foto: autorova sn\u00edmka)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Benc\u00e9 a jeho kolegovia netvrdia, \u017ee sa to m\u00e1 robi\u0165 rovnako na ka\u017edom hospod\u00e1rstve. Sk\u00f4r dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee aj na \u00fazemiach s menej priazniv\u00fdmi podmienkami, vystaven\u00fdch suchu, je mo\u017en\u00e9 sa ubera\u0165 smerom, ktor\u00fd nie je zalo\u017een\u00fd na neust\u00e1lom nar\u00fa\u0161an\u00ed p\u00f4dy, ale na jej ochrane. Cie\u013eom nie je dosiahnu\u0165 ok\u00e1zal\u00fd rekord, ale zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby p\u00f4da, rastliny a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky podnik zostali funk\u010dn\u00e9 aj v dlhodobom horizonte. \u201eMinul\u00fd rok u n\u00e1s spadlo menej ako 400 milimetrov zr\u00e1\u017eok. Je vidie\u0165, \u017ee aj s tak\u00fdmto mno\u017estvom je mo\u017en\u00e9 pestova\u0165 plodiny, ak sa tomu venuje pozornos\u0165,\u201d dod\u00e1va Bence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm ponau\u010den\u00edm z tohto pr\u00edbehu je sn\u00e1\u010f to, \u017ee regenerat\u00edvny pr\u00edstup neznamen\u00e1 len jednoduch\u00e9 upustenie od ur\u010dit\u00fdch postupov. Nejde o to, \u017ee by sa neoralo, nekyprilo ani nebr\u00e1nilo, a t\u00fdm by bola technol\u00f3gia hotov\u00e1. Ide sk\u00f4r o to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 rozhodnutie sa zva\u017euje z h\u013eadiska z\u00e1sob vody v p\u00f4de, potrieb nasleduj\u00facej plodiny, biologick\u00fdch procesov a hospod\u00e1rskeho v\u00fdsledku. Preto sa menej z\u00e1sahov m\u00f4\u017ee nakoniec premeni\u0165 na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu istotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zolt\u00e1n Kohout<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Folyamatos az agyal\u00e1s, m\u00e9gsem panaszkodnak az asz\u00e1lyra, hanem legy\u0151zik a kih\u00edv\u00e1st Manaps\u00e1g els\u0151sorban a tan\u00e1cstalans\u00e1g hangj\u00e1n besz\u00e9l a hazai n\u00f6v\u00e9nytermeszt\u00e9s: romlanak a talajok, dr\u00e1maian kisz\u00e1m\u00edthatatlan az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s, gyeng\u00e9k a piacok. \u00dcd\u00edt\u0151 olyan gazd\u00e1kkal besz\u00e9lni, akiken nem fognak a kih\u00edv\u00e1sok: Ritzl Benc\u00e9\u00e9k csal\u00e1di gazdas\u00e1ga kifejezetten rossz adotts\u00e1g\u00fa t\u00e1bl\u00e1kon, nagyon kev\u00e9s es\u0151vel is tisztes hozamokat \u00e9s bev\u00e9telt produk\u00e1lt \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":478,"featured_media":12146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-12145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noveny","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nBence gazdas\u00e1ga nem sz\u00e1nt, m\u00e9gis j\u00f3k a hozamok a homokon - 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