{"id":12011,"date":"2026-06-16T10:58:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=12011"},"modified":"2026-06-16T10:59:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:59:49","slug":"uz-davno-nie-je-ulohou-regenerativneho-polnohospodarstva-nieco-dokazovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/mar-regen-nem-a-regenerativ-gazdalkodasnak-kell-bizonyitania\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u017e d\u00e1vno nie je \u00falohou regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva nie\u010do dokazova\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cie\u013eom nie je honba za drah\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi v\u00fdnosmi, ale n\u00e1kladovo \u00fasporn\u00e1 a stabiln\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Napriek tomu, \u017ee d\u00f4sledky tradi\u010dn\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov obr\u00e1bania s\u00fa \u010doraz zrete\u013enej\u0161ie, st\u00e1le sa objavuj\u00fa podozriv\u00e9 a skeptick\u00e9 n\u00e1mietky proti prechodu na regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. V\u00fdnosy obiln\u00edn a jarn\u00fdch plod\u00edn klesaj\u00fa alebo stagnuj\u00fa, stav na\u0161ich \u00farodn\u00fdch p\u00f4d sa zhor\u0161uje a \u010doraz menej sme schopn\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 extr\u00e9mne teplotn\u00e9 a zr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 podmienky. Na rozdiel od toho regenerat\u00edvna technol\u00f3gia pon\u00faka ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1klady a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu istotu, a tak sa pr\u00e1ve opodstatnenos\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00fdch postupov st\u00e1va spornou. Rozhovor Attila Szab\u00f3<\/em>val, a <\/strong>Asoci\u00e1cia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov za obnovu p\u00f4dy<\/strong><\/a> s predsedom (TMG).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syst\u00e9m podpory rozmaznal po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V ma\u010farskom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve bolo po dlh\u00fa dobu sk\u00f4r v\u00fdnimkou ako pravidlom obr\u00e1banie bez orby alebo s obmedzenou orbou. Kedy sa to za\u010dalo podstatne meni\u0165?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 A\u017e do rokov 2010 nebolo na Ma\u010farsku skuto\u010dne be\u017en\u00e9, aby po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske podniky uva\u017eovali o bezorebnom obr\u00e1ban\u00ed p\u00f4dy na syst\u00e9movej \u00farovni ako o ka\u017edodennej praxi. Boli s\u00edce experiment\u00e1tori, konalo sa nieko\u013eko predn\u00e1\u0161ok a konferenci\u00ed a na\u0161lo sa aj p\u00e1r otvorenej\u0161\u00edch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov, ale to e\u0161te neznamenalo \u0161irok\u00fa zmenu v myslen\u00ed. Skuto\u010dn\u00fd zlom sa pod\u013ea m\u0148a za\u010dal na za\u010diatku rokov 2020 a ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu v tom zohrali extr\u00e9mne poveternostn\u00e9 javy. Sucho v roku 2022 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 prachov\u00e1 b\u00farka v roku 2023 boli pre mnoh\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov triezvou sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou. Zrazu sa stalo ve\u013emi zrete\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee nie\u010do nie je v poriadku s na\u0161imi p\u00f4dami, zadr\u017eiavan\u00edm vody, er\u00f3ziou a sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fdm sme doteraz obr\u00e1bali p\u00f4du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Attila
Attila Szab\u00f3: Vodn\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha v atmosf\u00e9re by sa \u00faplne zmenila, keby sa na ploche aspo\u0148 2,5 mili\u00f3na hekt\u00e1rov systematicky uplat\u0148ovalo <\/em>regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo<\/em><\/a>(foto: TMG)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tak\u017ee to neboli v prvom rade teoretick\u00e9, ale praktick\u00e9 rany, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1s pribl\u00ed\u017eili k tomuto sp\u00f4sobu uva\u017eovania?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Presne tak. Do verejn\u00e9ho povedomia sa to dostalo neform\u00e1lne: prostredn\u00edctvom \u010dl\u00e1nkov, predn\u00e1\u0161ok, s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed, zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ke\u010f u\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd na vlastn\u00e9 o\u010di videl, \u017ee je nie\u010do v neporiadku. Such\u00e1, prachov\u00e9 b\u00farky, erodovan\u00e9 svahy, oholen\u00e9 vrcholy kopcov, miesta zaplaven\u00e9 podzemnou vodou \u2013 to v\u0161etko smeruje k tomu ist\u00e9mu. P\u00f4da bez orby, pokryt\u00e1 kryc\u00edmi rastlinami, regenerat\u00edvny pr\u00edstup<\/a> za\u010dalo to mnoh\u00fdch zauj\u00edma\u0165, preto\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 rie\u0161i udr\u017eanie vlhkosti, ochranu proti er\u00f3zii a zlep\u0161enie \u0161trukt\u00fary a biologick\u00e9ho stavu p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010casto o tom hovor\u00edme, akoby to bol nejak\u00fd nov\u00fd trend, hoci to tak nie je. Na Z\u00e1pade a za oce\u00e1nom s\u00fa v tomto smere ove\u013ea \u010falej.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Presne tak. Neza\u010dalo to v\u010dera. V Severnej a Ju\u017enej Amerike, v Austr\u00e1lii, ale u\u017e aj v Rusku a na Ukrajine sa syst\u00e9my bezorebn\u00e9ho alebo minim\u00e1lneho obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch ako v Eur\u00f3pe. Tak\u00e9to po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo sa vo svete praktizuje na stovk\u00e1ch mili\u00f3nov hekt\u00e1rov. V Severnej Amerike je podiel bezorebn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako 30 percent, v Ju\u017enej Amerike a Austr\u00e1lii sa pohybuje okolo 60 percent. V porovnan\u00ed s t\u00fdm zaost\u00e1va Eur\u00f3pa. A treba poveda\u0165, \u017ee v tom zohral ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu aj syst\u00e9m podpory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Mnoh\u00ed si pr\u00e1ve myslia, \u017ee dot\u00e1cie pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri prisp\u00f4sobovan\u00ed sa. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee to sk\u00f4r brzdili?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou je, \u017ee Eur\u00f3pa t\u00fdchto 30\u201340 rokov z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti prespala. Nielen Ma\u010farsko, ale cel\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa. Tam, kde neexistuj\u00fa dot\u00e1cie v takomto rozsahu, boli po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri n\u00faten\u00ed ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo reagova\u0165 na svoje vlastn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Museli zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady, obmedzi\u0165 po\u010det prejazdov, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu vstupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ie obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy. Tam diktoval trh. U n\u00e1s v\u0161ak syst\u00e9m podpory po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov \u010dasto uspal. Prich\u00e1dzali peniaze, ktor\u00e9 kompenzovali aj to, \u010do sa malo v r\u00e1mci hospod\u00e1rstva da\u0165 do poriadku. To vytvorilo ve\u013emi pohodln\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu a spomalilo aj zmenu myslenia. Ak m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 pohodlne \u010daka\u0165, \u017ee aj bez technologick\u00e9ho rozvoja, moderniz\u00e1cie a prisp\u00f4sobenia sa zmen\u00e1m po\u010dasia dostane\u0161 za svoju p\u00f4du kopu pe\u0148az\u00ed, potom naozaj nem\u00e1\u0161 motiv\u00e1ciu zni\u017eova\u0165 n\u00e1klady a modernizova\u0165. To je nev\u00fdhoda tohto syst\u00e9mu podpory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 protiot\u00e1zka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010co dnes motivuje po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov? Strach z er\u00f3zie, nedostatok vody, degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy, n\u00e1klady na dus\u00edk alebo nie\u010do in\u00e9?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Najsilnej\u0161ou motiv\u00e1ciou s\u00fa aj dnes peniaze. Je to naozaj tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9. Ak po\u013enohospod\u00e1rovi z vrecka od\u00edde 70\u201380 tis\u00edc forintov na hekt\u00e1r, bol\u00ed to. Ak to \u010diasto\u010dne pokryje nejak\u00e1 dot\u00e1cia, nec\u00edti tak\u00fd tlak, aby nie\u010do menil. Ke\u010f v\u0161ak vid\u00ed, \u017ee rast\u00fa ceny nafty, zdra\u017euj\u00fa sa osiv\u00e1, hnojiv\u00e1 aj prostriedky na ochranu rastl\u00edn, pri\u010dom v\u00fdnosy nerast\u00fa, ba na mnoh\u00fdch miestach dokonca klesaj\u00fa, sk\u00f4r \u010di nesk\u00f4r za\u010dne po\u010d\u00edta\u0165. Pr\u00e1ve v tom spo\u010d\u00edva jeden z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov regenerat\u00edvneho myslenia: cie\u013eom nie je honba za maxim\u00e1lnym v\u00fdnosom, ale lacnej\u0161ia, stabilnej\u0161ia a predv\u00eddate\u013enej\u0161ia v\u00fdroba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Toto je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 veta, preto\u017ee mnoh\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee ak prejd\u00fa na nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ich \u00faroda bude men\u0161ia.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Na to sa v\u017edy op\u00fdtam: mo\u017eno sa teraz v\u00fdnosy nezni\u017euj\u00fa? V d\u00f4sledku klimatick\u00fdch zmien sa na Ma\u010farsku zni\u017euj\u00fa v\u00fdnosy aj u plod\u00edn pestovan\u00fdch tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami. Kukurica vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti krajiny na mnoh\u00fdch miestach prakticky zanik\u00e1. Tak\u017ee sa netv\u00e1rme, ako keby bol konven\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m stabiln\u00fd<\/a>, a rizikov\u00e9 by bolo len prechod na regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Dnes je pr\u00e1ve to rizikov\u00e9, ak sa \u010dlovek nezmen\u00ed. V regenerat\u00edvnych po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvach s\u00edce v\u00fdnosy nemusia by\u0165 v\u017edy mimoriadne vysok\u00e9, ale pestovanie je ove\u013ea stabilnej\u0161ie z h\u013eadiska predv\u00eddate\u013enosti a priemern\u00fdch v\u00fdnosov. To m\u00e1 dnes \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hodnotu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa netreba p\u00fdta\u0165, \u010do prin\u00e1\u0161a regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, ale sk\u00f4r to, ako dlho je v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Presne tak. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku by si mal kone\u010dne polo\u017ei\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u013enohospod\u00e1r. Nie je potrebn\u00e9 sk\u00fama\u0165 regenerat\u00edvne syst\u00e9my, ale konven\u010dn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Ako dlho je e\u0161te mo\u017en\u00e9 robi\u0165 v\u0161etko rovnako ako pred 20, 30 alebo 40 rokmi, ke\u010f sa medzit\u00fdm v\u0161etko zmenilo? Zmenilo sa po\u010dasie, zmenili sa n\u00e1klady, zhor\u0161ila sa kvalita p\u00f4dy, in\u00e1 je konkurencia na svetovom trhu, in\u00e9 s\u00fa ceny vstupn\u00fdch surov\u00edn, in\u00e1 je situ\u00e1cia na trhu pr\u00e1ce. A my st\u00e1le presadzujeme tie ist\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Takto to \u010falej nep\u00f4jde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f4da je tie\u017e verejn\u00fdm majetkom \u2013 a tak by sa s \u0148ou aj malo zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Z h\u013eadiska ochrany p\u00f4dy, ak\u00fd je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s striedav\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 To, \u017ee ide o \u010dinnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 najviac ni\u010d\u00ed p\u00f4du. Orba je \u0165a\u017eko obhajite\u013en\u00e1 z ekologick\u00e9ho aj ekonomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Ni\u010d\u00ed \u0161trukt\u00faru p\u00f4dy, ur\u00fdch\u013euje \u00fabytok organickej hmoty, zhor\u0161uje vysychanie, zvy\u0161uje er\u00f3ziu a spotreb\u00fava obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo paliva. Kto hospod\u00e1ri v kopcovitej oblasti a voda mu ka\u017ed\u00fd rok odplav\u00ed \u00farodn\u00fa vrstvu, nemal by to pova\u017eova\u0165 za prirodzen\u00e9. Nie je norm\u00e1lne ani to, \u017ee vietor z po\u013ea vytv\u00e1ra prachov\u00fa b\u00farku. P\u00f4da nie je len prostred\u00edm na pestovanie, ale n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm bohatstvom. Ak s \u0148ou niekto zaobch\u00e1dza nezodpovedne, m\u00e1 to svoje d\u00f4sledky, len dnes to e\u0161te riadne nezoh\u013ead\u0148ujeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Mysl\u00edte si teda, \u017ee ni\u010denie p\u00f4dy by mohlo ma\u0165 aj pr\u00e1vne d\u00f4sledky?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee \u010dasom to ur\u010dite pr\u00edde. Lebo je absurdn\u00e9, \u017ee za ve\u013ea vec\u00ed mo\u017eno ulo\u017ei\u0165 pokutu za poru\u0161enie predpisov o ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, ale ak niekto v priebehu desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed strat\u00ed \u00farodn\u00fa vrstvu p\u00f4dy, takmer to berieme na vedomie. A pritom p\u00f4du nem\u00f4\u017eeme vybudova\u0165 zo d\u0148a na de\u0148. Jeho obnova je ot\u00e1zkou desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed a medzit\u00fdm prich\u00e1dzame nielen o fyzick\u00fd stav \u00farodnej p\u00f4dy, ale aj o humus, p\u00f4dny \u017eivot a biologick\u00e9 fungovanie. Je hriechom to premrha\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ako m\u00f4\u017ee v tomto pom\u00f4c\u0165 krycia rastlina?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ve\u013emi ve\u013ea. Krycia rastlina je jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch prvkov regenerat\u00edvneho syst\u00e9mu. Na jednej strane fyzicky chr\u00e1ni p\u00f4du pred ni\u010div\u00fdm p\u00f4soben\u00edm da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch kvapiek a vetra, m\u00e1 teda \u00falohu v ochrane proti er\u00f3zii. Na druhej strane poskytuje tie\u0148, zni\u017euje odparovanie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako odparovacie a vlhkos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00face prostredie, \u010do by mohlo napom\u00f4c\u0165 vytv\u00e1raniu mal\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch cyklov. T\u00fdm by sa \u00faplne zmenila vodn\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha v atmosf\u00e9re, ak by sa regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo systematicky uplat\u0148ovalo aspo\u0148 na 2,5 mili\u00f3na hekt\u00e1rov. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuj\u00fa p\u00f4dy obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 na \u010diernu p\u00f4du, ktor\u00e9 sa ohrievaj\u00fa a vy\u017earuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie teplo do svojho okolia. Okrem toho zlep\u0161uje vsakovanie vody a schopnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy zadr\u017eiava\u0165 vlhkos\u0165. Po tretie, svoj\u00edm kore\u0148ov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom vy\u017eivuje p\u00f4dny \u017eivot, zlep\u0161uje \u0161trukt\u00faru a pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch druhoch mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 dokonca aj p\u00f4du kypriaci \u00fa\u010dinok. Krycia rastlina nie je z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148, ale s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 syst\u00e9mu, av\u0161ak je to ve\u013emi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd prostriedok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010cas\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov to v\u0161ak aj tak vn\u00edma ako dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a dodato\u010dn\u00e9 riziko.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u00c1no, preto\u017ee v kr\u00e1tkodobom horizonte to tak vid\u00ed. Osivo, organiz\u00e1cia, nov\u00e9 vedomosti, nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti ch\u00fdb. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee doch\u00e1dza k men\u0161iemu splavovaniu, zlep\u0161uje sa \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy, zlep\u0161uje sa zadr\u017eiavanie vody, zvy\u0161uje sa obsah organickej hmoty, zni\u017euje sa vetern\u00e1 er\u00f3zia a v dlhodobom horizonte m\u00f4\u017ee klesn\u00fa\u0165 potreba hnoj\u00edv a paliva. Toto treba vn\u00edma\u0165 komplexne, nie ako jedin\u00fa polo\u017eku n\u00e1kladov. Krycia rastlina funguje dobre vtedy, ak sa nevys\u00e1dza len na okrasu, ale vedome sa za\u010dle\u0148uje do striedania plod\u00edn a vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom je obmedzenie nar\u00fa\u0161ania p\u00f4dy a jej zakrytie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Mnoh\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri u\u017e vedia rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 met\u00f3dy no-till a min-till, ale st\u00e1le existuj\u00fa nejasnosti. Ako by ste stru\u010dne vysvetlili tento rozdiel?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade ide o zn\u00ed\u017eenie nar\u00fa\u0161ania p\u00f4dy. \u010c\u00edm menej p\u00f4du nar\u00fa\u0161ame, t\u00fdm \u013eah\u0161ie sa m\u00f4\u017eu rozbehn\u00fa\u0165 pozit\u00edvne procesy: zlep\u0161uje sa jej \u0161trukt\u00fara, posil\u0148uje sa biologick\u00e1 aktivita a lep\u0161ie funguje hospod\u00e1renie s vodou. Minim\u00e1lna orba znamen\u00e1 obr\u00e1banie do h\u013abky maxim\u00e1lne 10 centimetrov. Pri met\u00f3de strip-till sa p\u00f4da napr\u00edklad nar\u00fa\u0161a len v sejacom pruhu. Met\u00f3da \u201eno-till\u201c ide e\u0161te \u010falej: v tomto pr\u00edpade prakticky nedoch\u00e1dza k obr\u00e1baniu p\u00f4dy, sec\u00ed stroj pracuje priamo do stonkov\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov alebo kryc\u00edch rastl\u00edn ponechan\u00fdch na povrchu. Tento syst\u00e9m funguje dobre vtedy, ak nevymen\u00edme len stroj, ale zmen\u00edme cel\u00fd sp\u00f4sob uva\u017eovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Existuj\u00fa prvky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 takmer v\u0161ade, bez oh\u013eadu na krajinu alebo typ p\u00f4dy?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u00c1no. Prv\u00fdm je obmedzenie nar\u00fa\u0161ania p\u00f4dy. Druh\u00fdm je povrch zabezpe\u010duj\u00faci pokrytie p\u00f4dy. Tret\u00edm je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u017eiv\u00fdch kore\u0148ov \u010do najdlh\u0161ie, \u010di\u017ee aby sme p\u00f4du nenech\u00e1vali pr\u00e1zdnu. \u0160tvrt\u00fdm je pestr\u00e9 striedanie plod\u00edn. A ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je aj to, aby sme uva\u017eovali v s\u00favislostiach, nie len v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho prvku. Samozrejme, nie v\u0161ade je vhodn\u00e1 rovnak\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia, preto\u017ee \u013eahk\u00e1 pies\u010dit\u00e1 p\u00f4da je nie\u010do in\u00e9 ako zhutnen\u00e1 \u00edlovit\u00e1 p\u00f4da, ale smer je rovnak\u00fd: menej nar\u00fa\u0161ania, viac pokrytia, viac biol\u00f3gie, lep\u0161ie hospod\u00e1renie s vodou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010casto sa uv\u00e1dza aj argument, \u017ee na prenajat\u00fdch pozemkoch nem\u00e1 po\u013enohospod\u00e1r z\u00e1ujem o dlhodob\u00fa \u00fapravu p\u00f4dy. Je to skuto\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Je to re\u00e1lny jav, ale pod\u013ea m\u0148a to nie je hlavn\u00e1 prek\u00e1\u017eka. Aj u n\u00e1s je zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 pozemkov prenajat\u00e1, napriek tomu ich obhospodarujeme rovnako s oh\u013eadom na regenerat\u00edvny pr\u00edstup. Ot\u00e1zka nie je v tom, \u010di ide o vlastn\u00e9 alebo prenajat\u00e9 pozemky, ale v tom, \u010di je po\u013enohospod\u00e1r ochotn\u00fd uva\u017eova\u0165 inak. Samozrejme by bolo dobr\u00e9, keby pr\u00e1vny syst\u00e9m a syst\u00e9m podpory viac oce\u0148ovali t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed zlep\u0161uj\u00fa stav p\u00f4dy, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 lep\u0161ie chr\u00e1nili vlastn\u00edkov p\u00f4dy pred t\u00fdm, aby im bola vr\u00e1ten\u00e1 p\u00f4da v zhor\u0161enom stave. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou s\u00fa v\u0161ak dnes sk\u00f4r zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky a nepru\u017enos\u0165 v uva\u017eovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedomosti, podpora, postoj<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tak\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom ako technologick\u00e1 zmena je ment\u00e1lna zmena?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010casto \u00e1no. \u010cas\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov st\u00e1le trv\u00e1 na zau\u017e\u00edvanom postupe, aj ke\u010f je u\u017e zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee to nefunguje tak ako kedysi. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee nasleduj\u00faca sez\u00f3na bude lep\u0161ia, \u017ee sa vr\u00e1ti star\u00e9 po\u010dasie a \u017ee sa to nejako vyrie\u0161i. Len\u017ee to sa u\u017e nevr\u00e1ti. Klimatick\u00e9 podmienky spred 10\u201315 rokov u\u017e neexistuj\u00fa. A kto stavia svoje hospod\u00e1rstvo na tom, \u017ee sa to vr\u00e1ti, podstupuje ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee by sa mal zmeni\u0165 aj syst\u00e9m podpory. Ak\u00fdm smerom?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fa dve veci naraz: motiv\u00e1cia a po\u017eiadavky. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov dnes motivuj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00e9 stimuly. Ak by syst\u00e9my \u0161etriace p\u00f4du, krycie plodiny, ochrana proti er\u00f3zii a obmedzenie striedania plod\u00edn dostali zrete\u013en\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00fa podporu, malo by to ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam. E\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie v\u0161ak je, aby existoval syst\u00e9m po\u017eiadaviek. Nemalo by plati\u0165, \u017ee je jedno, kto \u010do rob\u00ed, pokia\u013e nejako spln\u00ed minimum. Kto sa skuto\u010dne star\u00e1 o p\u00f4du, mal by dosta\u0165 viac. Kto ju ni\u010d\u00ed, nemal by by\u0165 syst\u00e9mom odme\u0148ovan\u00fd rovnako.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Do akej miery je vzdel\u00e1vanie a odovzd\u00e1vanie vedomost\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ve\u013emi. Bez pe\u0148az\u00ed sa syst\u00e9m \u0165a\u017eko pohne, ale bez vedomost\u00ed sa pohne zl\u00fdm smerom. Ned\u00e1 sa to vyrie\u0161i\u0165 len t\u00fdm, \u017ee si niekto k\u00fapi priamy sec\u00ed stroj a od tej chv\u00edle je farm\u00e1rom praktizuj\u00facim bezorebn\u00fa technol\u00f3giu. Je potrebn\u00e9 vidie\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00edklady a zbiera\u0165 sk\u00fasenosti prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 vlastn\u00e9mu typu p\u00f4dy a vlastn\u00fdm podmienkam. V Zdru\u017een\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov za obnovu p\u00f4dy sa v tomto sna\u017e\u00edme pom\u00e1ha\u0165: prostredn\u00edctvom konferenci\u00ed, stretnut\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov, praktick\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov, vide\u00ed a zdie\u013eania vedomost\u00ed. Kto sa skuto\u010dne chce u\u010di\u0165, dnes u\u017e n\u00e1jde ve\u013ea op\u00f4r. To v\u0161etko bez dot\u00e1ci\u00ed, z vlastn\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov, z \u010dlensk\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov na\u0161ich po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00fato komunitu organizujete od roku 2015 a z nej vznikla aj konferencia REAG. Na \u010do ste najviac hrd\u00ed?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Na to, \u017ee v\u00f4bec vzniklo tak\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 prostredie, v ktorom sa regenerat\u00edvne myslenie neobjavuje ako nejak\u00e1 v\u00fdstrelok, ale ako skuto\u010dn\u00e1, praktick\u00e1 agronomick\u00e1 odpove\u010f. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom bolo aj to, \u017ee v AKG sa objavil smer zameran\u00fd na obnovu p\u00f4dy. Nie je to dokonal\u00e9, nie je to v kone\u010dnej podobe, ale predsa sa to dostalo do syst\u00e9mu a t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed hospod\u00e1ria t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom, sa otvorila mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 kompenz\u00e1ciu vo v\u00fd\u0161ke nieko\u013ek\u00fdch mili\u00e1rd forintov. To ukazuje, \u017ee ak vytrvalo pracujeme na odbornom poli, m\u00f4\u017ee to prinies\u0165 v\u00fdsledky. Spolu s ministerstvom sme zabezpe\u010dili odborn\u00fa str\u00e1nku. M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee zo strany TMG sme do toho vlo\u017eili seri\u00f3znu odborn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a energiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"P\u00f4dy
P\u00f4da chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 kryc\u00edmi rastlinami a mul\u010dom v okrese Baranya (foto: Horizont M\u00e9dia\/arch\u00edv)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010co je vo v\u0161eobecnosti najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie urobi\u0165?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 M\u00f4\u017eem len zopakova\u0165: nep\u00fdtajte sa, \u010do dok\u00e1\u017ee regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, ale ako dlho je mo\u017en\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav. Fakty ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee aj v tradi\u010dnom syst\u00e9me klesaj\u00fa v\u00fdnosy, rast\u00fa n\u00e1klady, zhor\u0161uje sa kvalita p\u00f4dy a po\u010dasie je \u010doraz extr\u00e9mnej\u0161ie. Ot\u00e1zka u\u017e nie je, \u010di sa treba prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165, ale kedy a za ak\u00fa cenu. \u010c\u00edm nesk\u00f4r sa niekto preorientuje, t\u00fdm to bude bolestivej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tu nehovor\u00edme o ideologickej ot\u00e1zke, ale o ot\u00e1zke pre\u017eitia.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u00c1no. To by u\u017e kone\u010dne mal pochopi\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd. Nejde o to, \u010di niekto m\u00e1 alebo nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d pojem \u201eregenerat\u00edvne\u201c. Ide o to, \u017ee podmienky v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve sa zmenili a star\u00e9 rie\u0161enia u\u017e nefunguj\u00fa. M\u00f4\u017eeme to odklada\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eeme sa o tom h\u00e1da\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eeme sa pozera\u0165 na suseda, ale medzit\u00fdm sa p\u00f4da zhor\u0161uje, voda doch\u00e1dza, kukurica na mnoh\u00fdch miestach vypad\u00e1va zo syst\u00e9mu a \u010das\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov nebude v doh\u013eadnej dobe udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1. Ochrana p\u00f4dy, krycie plodiny, obmedzen\u00e9 alebo nulov\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie u\u017e dnes nie s\u00fa len alternat\u00edvnymi my\u0161lienkami, ale nutnos\u0165ou prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u010co si mysl\u00edte, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nasleduj\u00facich p\u00e4\u0165 rokov v tejto veci rozhoduj\u00face?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee \u00e1no. Nehovor\u00edme tu o vzdialenej ot\u00e1zke, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdka obdobia o 10\u201320 rokov. U\u017e teraz je ve\u013ea t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed z toho vystupuj\u00fa, je tu ve\u013ea neistoty a extr\u00e9mne roky sa striedaj\u00fa jeden za druh\u00fdm. Ten, kto sa teraz za\u010dne u\u010di\u0165, experimentova\u0165 a prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165 sa, bude ma\u0165 priestor na man\u00e9vrovanie. Kto st\u00e1le \u010dak\u00e1 na n\u00e1vrat star\u00e9ho poriadku, m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013emi \u013eahko zisti\u0165, \u017ee je u\u017e neskoro. Preto hovor\u00edm: regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo netreba oslavova\u0165, ale treba ho triezvo pochopi\u0165. Nes\u013eubuje z\u00e1zrak, ale stabilnej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1klad v \u010doraz neistej\u0161om po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AUTOR: ZOLT\u00c1N KOHOUT<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cie\u013eom nie je honba za drah\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi v\u00fdnosmi, ale n\u00e1kladovo \u00fasporn\u00e1 a stabiln\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia<\/p>","protected":false},"author":478,"featured_media":12014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,50,48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-12011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noveny","category-taj-es-vizgazdalkodas","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00e1r r\u00e9gen nem a regenerat\u00edv gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1snak kell bizony\u00edtania - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/uz-davno-nie-je-ulohou-regenerativneho-polnohospodarstva-nieco-dokazovat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e1r r\u00e9gen nem a regenerat\u00edv gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1snak kell bizony\u00edtania - 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