{"id":11977,"date":"2026-06-03T15:29:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T13:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=11977"},"modified":"2026-06-08T19:26:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T17:26:36","slug":"tajomstvo-vrchnej-vrstvy-pody-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/az-elo-talaj-titka-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajomstvo \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00f4dy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby pr\u00edjmu \u017eiv\u00edn v regenerat\u00edvnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divot v p\u00f4de zohr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu pri kolobehu \u017eiv\u00edn a ich pr\u00edjme rastlinami. Ak je p\u00f4dna biota po\u0161koden\u00e1 alebo oslaben\u00e1, rastliny nedost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u0161etky \u017eiviny, ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa, a to ani vtedy, ke\u010f sa do p\u00f4dy prid\u00e1va ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo hnoj\u00edv. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie hnoj\u00edv v skuto\u010dnosti zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed biomasy a rozmanitosti p\u00f4dnych mikroorganizmov. Tradi\u010dne sa u\u010dilo, \u017ee rastliny prij\u00edmaj\u00fa \u017eiviny z p\u00f4dneho roztoku vo forme anorganick\u00fdch i\u00f3nov prostredn\u00edctvom jednoduch\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00fdch procesov, ako je osm\u00f3za alebo akt\u00edvny transport. \u00daloha p\u00f4dnych mikroorganizmov sa degradovala na rozklad organickej hmoty. Tento pr\u00edstup v\u0161ak pova\u017euje rastliny za relat\u00edvne pas\u00edvnych akt\u00e9rov a ignoruje komplexn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky p\u00f4dneho mikrobi\u00f3mu a mnohostrann\u00fd dial\u00f3g medzi rastlinami a mikroorganizmami.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mikroskopick\u00e1
Hyfov\u00e1 sie\u0165 mykor\u00edznych h\u00fab \u201eroz\u0161iruje\u201d dosah kore\u0148a v p\u00f4de
(foto: shutterstock.com)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mikrobi\u00f3m ako transportn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u017eiv\u00edn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskum v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee mikr\u00f3by zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa ove\u013ea d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161iu \u00falohu pri pr\u00edjme \u017eiv\u00edn, ne\u017e sa doteraz predpokladalo. Rastliny a p\u00f4dne mikroorganizmy spolupracuj\u00fa v \u00fazkom symbiotickom vz\u0165ahu. Niektor\u00e9 druhy bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed a h\u00fab pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa \u017eiviny do rastliny. Napr\u00edklad endofytick\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie a mykor\u00edzne huby pom\u00e1haj\u00fa prij\u00edma\u0165 fosfor, dus\u00edk a mikro\u017eiviny, zatia\u013e \u010do bakt\u00e9rie via\u017euce dus\u00edk poskytuj\u00fa atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd dus\u00edk a in\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie mobilizuj\u00fa \u017eiviny viazan\u00e9 v p\u00f4de. Rastliny akt\u00edvne moduluj\u00fa tieto vz\u0165ahy, vy\u017eivuj\u00fa prospe\u0161n\u00e9 mikr\u00f3by kore\u0148ov\u00fdmi exud\u00e1tmi a reguluj\u00fa procesy pomocou hormon\u00e1lnych sign\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edjem \u017eiv\u00edn: \u017eiv\u00fd, dynamick\u00fd proces<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V zdravej p\u00f4de nie je pr\u00edjem \u017eiv\u00edn len dif\u00faziou i\u00f3nov, ale je v\u00fdsledkom \u017eiv\u00e9ho, dynamick\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. Rastlina, mikr\u00f3by a fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti p\u00f4dy spolo\u010dne ur\u010duj\u00fa, ko\u013eko \u017eiv\u00edn sa dostane ku kore\u0148om. \u010c\u00edm je p\u00f4da \u017eiv\u0161ia a rozmanitej\u0161ia, t\u00fdm viac ciest pre pr\u00edjem \u017eiv\u00edn a t\u00fdm s\u00fa rastliny odolnej\u0161ie vo\u010di stresom. Preto je modern\u00e9 udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na udr\u017eiavan\u00ed a podpore biologickej aktivity p\u00f4dy, nielen na chemickom dop\u013a\u0148an\u00ed \u017eiv\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrime sa bli\u017e\u0161ie na vz\u0165ahy medzi p\u00f4dou, mikroorganizmami a rastlinami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie, ako sa uv\u00e1dza v u\u010debniciach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cyklus rizof\u00e1gov: \u017eiviny z vn\u00fatra kore\u0148a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rizof\u00e1gny cyklus je relat\u00edvne nov\u00fd pr\u00edstup, pri ktorom rastliny nielen prij\u00edmaj\u00fa \u017eiviny vo forme i\u00f3nov rozpusten\u00fdch v p\u00f4dnej vlhkosti, ale aj akt\u00edvne \u201evyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa\u201d mikroorganizmy vo svojom okol\u00ed. V tomto procese sa bakt\u00e9rie a huby pohybuj\u00fa v nepretr\u017eitom cykle medzi p\u00f4dou a vn\u00fatrom kore\u0148a. James White<\/em>, v\u00fdskumn\u00edk z Rutgersovej univerzity v USA, op\u00edsal tento proces (10.3390\/microorganisms6030095<\/a>), \u010do \u00faplne men\u00ed na\u0161e predstavy o pr\u00edjme \u017eiv\u00edn rastlinami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikr\u00f3by \u017eij\u00fa v p\u00f4de a zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa \u017eiviny: dus\u00edk, fosfor a r\u00f4zne mikroprvky (\u017eelezo, zinok, mang\u00e1n at\u010f.). V okol\u00ed kore\u0148ovej \u0161pi\u010dky rastlina uvo\u013e\u0148uje cukry a in\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (kore\u0148ov\u00e9 exsud\u00e1ty), ktor\u00e9 pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa tieto mikr\u00f3by. Niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto mikr\u00f3bov sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj do najmlad\u0161\u00edch buniek kore\u0148a, do priestoru medzi bunkovou stenou a bunkovou membr\u00e1nou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto pr\u00edpade rastlina produkuje reakt\u00edvne formy kysl\u00edka - v podstate mierny \u201eoxida\u010dn\u00fd stres\u201d - ktor\u00e9 \u010diasto\u010dne zne\u0161kod\u0148uj\u00fa mikr\u00f3by. T\u00fdm sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eiviny, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee rastlina vyu\u017ei\u0165. Nie v\u0161etky mikr\u00f3by s\u00fa \u00faplne zni\u010den\u00e9: tie, ktor\u00e9 pre\u017eili, trikr\u00e1t str\u00e1caj\u00fa bunkov\u00e9 steny a potom, ke\u010f kore\u0148ov\u00e9 vl\u00e1sky rast\u00fa, sa cez kon\u010deky vl\u00e1skov vracaj\u00fa do p\u00f4dy, kde si m\u00f4\u017eu doplni\u0165 \u017eiviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento cyklus m\u00f4\u017ee vysvet\u013eova\u0165, pre\u010do s\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 rastliny schopn\u00e9 dobre r\u00e1s\u0165 aj vtedy, ke\u010f je v p\u00f4de m\u00e1lo rozpusten\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn. Tento proces m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00fd nielen pre bakt\u00e9rie, ale aj pre niektor\u00e9 huby a kvasinky. Zatia\u013e presne nevieme, ak\u00fdm podielom prispievaj\u00fa rastliny k tvorbe \u017eiv\u00edn, ale John Kempf<\/em>, odborn\u00edk na regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, hovor\u00ed, \u017ee rizof\u00e1gny cyklus je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm procesom pr\u00edjmu \u017eiv\u00edn v zdravej p\u00f4de s dobre funguj\u00facim mikrobi\u00f3mom. To poskytuje \u00faplne nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na vz\u0165ah medzi \u017eivotom v p\u00f4de a z\u00e1sobovan\u00edm rastl\u00edn \u017eivinami, najm\u00e4 v kontexte biologick\u00e9ho a regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikorhiza: viac \u017eiv\u00edn v\u00fdmenou za uhl\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mykor\u00edzne huby zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri prij\u00edman\u00ed \u017eiv\u00edn rastlinami, preto\u017ee hubov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa symbiotick\u00fd vz\u0165ah s kore\u0148mi a mnohon\u00e1sobne zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00fa kontaktn\u00fa plochu s p\u00f4dou. Tieto huby prenikaj\u00fa do medzibunkov\u00e9ho priestoru medzi rastlinn\u00fdmi bunkami alebo priamo do kore\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek. To u\u013eah\u010duje rastlin\u00e1m pr\u00edstup ku k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm makroelementom, ako s\u00fa fosfor a dus\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre rast kore\u0148ov a v\u00fdhonkov a vy\u0161\u0161ie v\u00fdnosy. Mykor\u00edzy tie\u017e podporuj\u00fa pr\u00edjem d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch mikro\u017eiv\u00edn, ako s\u00fa zinok, me\u010f a mang\u00e1n, ktor\u00e9 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v metabolizme rastl\u00edn a tolerancii stresu. Na opl\u00e1tku rastlina poskytuje hub\u00e1m cukry a in\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri fotosynt\u00e9ze. Bakt\u00e9rie spojen\u00e9 s hubami tento \u00fa\u010dinok \u010falej posil\u0148uj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee mineralizuj\u00fa organick\u00e9 \u017eiviny, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa fosf\u00e1ty a prostredn\u00edctvom hubov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien ich posielaj\u00fa do rastliny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mikroskopick\u00fd
Mikroskopick\u00fd obr\u00e1zok kore\u0148a rastliny: modro sfarben\u00e9 mykor\u00edzne huby zvy\u0161uj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pr\u00edjmu \u017eiv\u00edn a vody prostredn\u00edctvom svojej rozsiahlej siete (foto: shutterstock.com)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A mikorrhiza<\/a> huby okrem hospod\u00e1renia s \u017eivinami pom\u00e1haj\u00fa prij\u00edma\u0165 vodu, tak\u017ee rastliny m\u00f4\u017eu lep\u0161ie pre\u017ei\u0165 obdobia sucha. Zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa tie\u017e \u00falohu v rovnov\u00e1he uhl\u00edka v p\u00f4de, preto\u017ee huby via\u017eu a stabilizuj\u00fa organick\u00fa hmotu, \u010d\u00edm zlep\u0161uj\u00fa \u00farodnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy a jej dlhodob\u00fd zdravotn\u00fd stav. Mykor\u00edzy produkuj\u00fatie\u017e prispievaj\u00fa k budovaniu p\u00f4dnej \u0161trukt\u00fary<\/a>: hubov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna a korene spolu vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa pevn\u00e9 a stabiln\u00e9 agreg\u00e1ty, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa pohyb vody a vzduchu v p\u00f4de a zni\u017euj\u00fa riziko povrchovej er\u00f3zie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odhaduje sa, \u017ee pribli\u017ene 80-90% suchozemsk\u00fdch rastl\u00edn m\u00f4\u017ee vytvori\u0165 tak\u00fato symbi\u00f3zu. Na trhu je mno\u017estvo mykor\u00edznych produktov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na inokul\u00e1ciu na\u0161ej p\u00f4dy, ale tieto huby mo\u017eno pestova\u0165 aj prirodzene, podobne ako m\u00f4\u017eeme z m\u00faky a vody vyrobi\u0165 kv\u00e1sok. Mykor\u00edzne huby s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 citliv\u00e9 na naru\u0161enie p\u00f4dy. M\u00f4\u017eeme pre ne vytvori\u0165 trval\u00e9 prostredie, ak obmedz\u00edme naru\u0161enie p\u00f4dy na minimum a zabezpe\u010d\u00edme st\u00e1ly, rozmanit\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m rastl\u00edn. Mykor\u00edzne huby vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa z kore\u0148ov rastl\u00edn rozsiahle hyfov\u00e9 siete, ktor\u00e9 sa pri be\u017enom obr\u00e1ban\u00ed p\u00f4dy fyzicky nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm sa hyfy rozpadaj\u00fa a zni\u017euje sa dostupn\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia h\u00fab v p\u00f4de. Na druhej strane, syst\u00e9my bez obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa existuj\u00face siete h\u00fdf, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchlej\u0161iu a intenz\u00edvnej\u0161iu koloniz\u00e1ciu kore\u0148ov hlavnej plodiny. Viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee syst\u00e9my bez obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu koloniz\u00e1ciu arbuskul\u00e1rnymi mykor\u00edznymi hubami (AMF), \u010do zlep\u0161uje pr\u00edjem \u017eiv\u00edn a vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krycie plodiny udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa popul\u00e1cie mykor\u00edznych h\u00fab aj bez pr\u00edtomnosti hlavnej plodiny, preto\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017eia ako nepretr\u017eit\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e1 hostite\u013esk\u00e1 rastlina. R\u00f4zne krycie plodiny podporuj\u00fa mykor\u00edzne huby r\u00f4zne: obilniny a strukoviny s\u00fa vo v\u0161eobecnosti dobr\u00fdmi hostite\u013emi, zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00e9 kapusty m\u00f4\u017eu svojimi bioakt\u00edvnymi l\u00e1tkami inhibova\u0165 rast h\u00fab. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 s\u00favisl\u00e9ho kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zvy\u0161uje p\u00f4dne inokulum h\u00fab, tak\u017ee \u010fal\u0161ia hlavn\u00e1 plodina sa m\u00f4\u017ee kolonizova\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kombin\u00e1cia bezorbov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy a vhodn\u00fdch kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn vytv\u00e1ra ide\u00e1lne prostredie pre mykor\u00edzne huby: p\u00f4dna sie\u0165 zost\u00e1va neporu\u0161en\u00e1 a v\u017edy je k dispoz\u00edcii \u017eiv\u00e1 hostite\u013esk\u00e1 rastlina, ktor\u00e1 huby \u017eiv\u00ed. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa korene hlavnej plodiny intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie kolonizuj\u00fa, zlep\u0161\u00ed sa pr\u00edjem fosforu a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch mikro\u017eiv\u00edn, zv\u00fd\u0161i sa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di suchu a \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy bude stabilnej\u0161ia v\u010faka agrega\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku hubov\u00fdch h\u00fdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fix\u00e1cia dus\u00edka u mot\u00fd\u013eov: prirodzen\u00fd zdroj N<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Schopnos\u0165 mot\u00fd\u013eov viaza\u0165 dus\u00edk je zn\u00e1ma od polovice 19. storo\u010dia. V roku 1886 Hellriegel<\/em> a Wilfarth<\/em> V Nemecku dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee strukoviny, ako je hrach a \u010fatelina, m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd dus\u00edk bez p\u00f4dneho zdroja dus\u00edka a \u017ee tento proces je podporovan\u00fd dus\u00edkom, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v uzlin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa tvoria na kore\u0148och rastl\u00edn. Rhizobium<\/em> s\u00favis\u00ed s bakt\u00e9riami. Bakt\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e9 kolonizuj\u00fa kore\u0148ov\u00e9 uzliny, premie\u0148aj\u00fa dus\u00edk z atmosf\u00e9ry na amoniak, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee rastlina priamo vyu\u017ei\u0165. T\u00fdmto procesom m\u00f4\u017eu mot\u00fdle v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 potrebu hnoj\u00edv a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161i\u0165 obsah dus\u00edka v p\u00f4de, \u010do prospieva \u010fal\u0161ej plodine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvorba kore\u0148ov\u00fdch uzl\u00edn a intenzita fix\u00e1cie dus\u00edka z\u00e1vis\u00ed od druhu rastliny, klimatick\u00fdch podmienok a kvality p\u00f4dneho mikrobi\u00f3mu. Zdrav\u00e9, akt\u00edvne Rhizobium<\/em> popul\u00e1cie, mot\u00fdle si m\u00f4\u017eu samy vyprodukova\u0165 a\u017e 50-80% celkovej potreby dus\u00edka. T\u00fdm sa zvy\u0161uje aj \u00farodnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy, preto\u017ee dus\u00edk fixovan\u00fd mot\u00fd\u013emi v p\u00f4dnej organickej hmote<\/a> zosta\u0165 cenovo dostupn\u00e9 aj v dlhodobej\u0161om horizonte. Pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zavedenie mot\u00fd\u013eokvet\u00fdch plod\u00edn do striedania plod\u00edn nielen\u017ee zabezpe\u010duje pr\u00edsun dus\u00edka, ale aj dlhodobo zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady a prispieva k rozvoju zdrav\u00fdch a odoln\u00fdch plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napr\u00edklad spolo\u010dnos\u0165 LoginECO v Srbsku zabezpe\u010duje v\u0161etok dus\u00edk pre svoju 3250-hekt\u00e1rov\u00fa farmu striedav\u00fdm pestovan\u00edm mot\u00fd\u013eov. Ekologicky certifikovan\u00e1 farma v\u0161ak nie je schopn\u00e1 dosiahnu\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie p\u00f4dnej \u0161trukt\u00fary v d\u00f4sledku prekyprenia p\u00f4dy pravideln\u00fdm kypren\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co to znamen\u00e1 v praxi v regenerat\u00edvnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Asoci\u00e1cia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov za obnovu p\u00f4dy<\/a> \u010dlenovia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa svoje zmesi rastl\u00edn na prikr\u00fdvku tak, aby v\u017edy obsahovali mot\u00fdlie rastliny. Najbe\u017enej\u0161ie z nich s\u00fa ostrica, vi\u010denec purpurov\u00fd, b\u00f4b, piesok, alexandrijsk\u00fd vi\u010denec, hrach k\u0155mny, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v zmesi zahrnut\u00e9 v pomere od 30 do viac ako 60% v z\u00e1vislosti od potenci\u00e1lu viazania dus\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kore\u0148ov\u00e9
Bakt\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e9 kolonizuj\u00fa kore\u0148ov\u00e9 uzliny, premie\u0148aj\u00fa dus\u00edk nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faci sa v atmosf\u00e9re na amoniak, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 priamo vyu\u017ei\u0165<\/em> (foto: shutterstock.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pokro\u010dilou met\u00f3dou integr\u00e1cie mot\u00fd\u013eov je pou\u017e\u00edvanie medziplod\u00edn. V tomto pr\u00edpade sa napr. \u017eitovec vysije v jednom prejazde s jednou alebo viacer\u00fdmi mot\u00fd\u013eovit\u00fdmi rastlinami (napr. ozimnou p\u0161enicou a hrachom). Ku koncu vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia, v \u010dase zrelosti, sa \u010das\u0165 dus\u00edka viazan\u00e9ho mot\u00fd\u013eovit\u00fdmi rastlinami uvo\u013en\u00ed a stane sa dostupn\u00fdm pre pr\u00edjem \u017eitovcom. T\u00fdm sa nielen \u0161etria n\u00e1klady na \u017eiviny, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje sa aj zber dvoch r\u00f4znych plod\u00edn z tej istej plochy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divot v p\u00f4de je z\u00e1kladom z\u00e1sobovania rastl\u00edn \u017eivinami. V r\u00e1mci rizof\u00e1gov\u00e9ho cyklu bakt\u00e9rie a huby uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eiviny v kore\u0148och, mykor\u00edzne huby vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa svoju rozsiahlu sie\u0165 h\u00fdf na zv\u00fd\u0161enie pr\u00edjmu vody a makro- a mikro\u017eiv\u00edn a z\u00e1rove\u0148 stabilizuj\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru p\u00f4dy a mot\u00fd\u013eovit\u00e9 rastliny via\u017eu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd dus\u00edk, \u010d\u00edm obohacuj\u00fa p\u00f4du a zni\u017euj\u00fa potrebu hnoj\u00edv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento komplexn\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd p\u00f4dny syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje rastlin\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dinne prij\u00edma\u0165 \u017eiviny, zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 sucho a produkova\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie \u00farody. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k regenera\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvu je podpora biologickej aktivity p\u00f4dy: obmedzenie nar\u00fa\u0161ania, udr\u017eiavanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn a vytvorenie zdravej p\u00f4dy s akt\u00edvnym mikrobi\u00f3mom, ktor\u00fd bude sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 farme dlhodobo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AUTOR: V\u00cdG VIT\u00c1LIA \u2022 P\u00d4DNY EKOLOG, MANA\u017d\u00c9R VZDEL\u00c1VACIEHO PROGRAMU PRE ASOCI\u00c1CIU PO\u013dNOHOSPOD\u00c1ROV ZA REGENER\u00c1CIU P\u00d4DY, ZAKLADATE\u013d TERRAVITKA<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hat\u00e9kony t\u00e1panyagfelv\u00e9tel \u00fatjai a regenerat\u00edv gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1sban A talaj\u00e9let alapvet\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszik a t\u00e1panyagok k\u00f6rforg\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek t\u00e1panyag-felv\u00e9tel\u00e9ben. Ha a talaj \u00e9l\u0151vil\u00e1ga s\u00e9r\u00fclt vagy gyenge, a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek nem jutnak hozz\u00e1 minden, sz\u00e1mukra sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges t\u00e1panyaghoz, m\u00e9g akkor sem, ha a talajhoz nagy mennyis\u00e9gben adunk m\u0171tr\u00e1gy\u00e1kat. S\u0151t, a m\u0171tr\u00e1gy\u00e1k haszn\u00e1lata nagy szerepet j\u00e1tszik a talajmikrob\u00e1k biomassz\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":478,"featured_media":11979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-11977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nAz \u00e9l\u0151 talaj titka - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/tajomstvo-vrchnej-vrstvy-pody-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az \u00e9l\u0151 talaj titka - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hat\u00e9kony t\u00e1panyagfelv\u00e9tel \u00fatjai a regenerat\u00edv gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1sban A talaj\u00e9let alapvet\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszik a t\u00e1panyagok k\u00f6rforg\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek t\u00e1panyag-felv\u00e9tel\u00e9ben. 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