{"id":10975,"date":"2025-07-19T22:27:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T20:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=10975"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:21:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:21:37","slug":"fakty-a-cisla-o-takaronovenye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/fakty-a-cisla-o-takaronovenye\/","title":{"rendered":"Fakty a m\u00fdty o kryc\u00edch plodin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Krycie plodiny s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm pilierom regener\u00e1cie p\u00f4dy, ale existuje mnoho myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v o ich za\u010dlenen\u00ed do po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych syst\u00e9mov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV poslednom \u010dase som sa rozpr\u00e1val s viacer\u00fdmi farm\u00e1rmi a m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee by si mali urobi\u0165 poriadok v hlav\u00e1ch,\u201d ozval sa mi priate\u013e, TMG<\/a>-spolub\u00fdvaj\u00faci (Od Zdru\u017eenia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov pre obnovu p\u00f4dy<\/a>) v ned\u00e1vnej minulosti. Upozornil, \u017ee pod\u013ea jeho n\u00e1zoru sa o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed blankytn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn \u0161\u00edria nespr\u00e1vne inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 by sa mali objasni\u0165. V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010d\u00edsle som sa pok\u00fasil apelova\u0165 na oponu pou\u017e\u00edvania glyfos\u00e1tu a upustenie od obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy. Tentoraz sa pozrime, \u010do je nov\u00e9 v oblasti kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00ed pochybova\u010di jednoducho hovoria, \u017ee neveria, \u017ee ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie nie\u010do zlep\u0161\u00ed. In\u00ed si myslia, \u017ee such\u00e9 let\u00e1 znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee krycie plodiny aj tak nikdy nevykl\u00ed\u010dia a \u017ee je to plytvanie peniazmi. Ak vykl\u00ed\u010dia, odober\u00fa vodu hlavnej plodine, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 straty na \u00farode. In\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee pokr\u00fdvkov\u00fd st\u00f4l je \u017eivnou p\u00f4dou pre r\u00f4znych \u0161kodcov. K tomu v\u0161etk\u00e9mu sa na t\u00fdchto ploch\u00e1ch vykop\u00e1vaj\u00fa poklopy a v mul\u010di sa mno\u017eia a prezimuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne hubov\u00e9 choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00f4r ako si urob\u00edme jasnej\u0161\u00ed obraz o t\u00fdchto ot\u00e1zkach, pozrime sa na to, ak\u00fd zmysel m\u00e1 v\u00f4bec v\u00fdsev kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: shutterstock.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1klady regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Regenera\u010dn\u00e9 alebo obnovuj\u00face po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch zdravia p\u00f4dy (pozri r\u00e1m\u010dek). S\u00fa vod\u00edtkom, ktor\u00fdm sa m\u00f4\u017eeme riadi\u0165, aby sme zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee zdravie na\u0161ej p\u00f4dy<\/a> a t\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 jeho plodnos\u0165 a odolnos\u0165. Krycie plodiny dobre zapadaj\u00fa do v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00e1sad zdravia p\u00f4dy, preto\u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na budovanie \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00f4dy bez mechanick\u00e9ho naru\u0161enia, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa p\u00f4du a poskytuj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m mimo vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na zv\u00fd\u0161enie biodiverzity, najm\u00e4 pomocou zmes\u00ed<\/a>. Okrem toho, ak s\u00fa zvierat\u00e1 integrovan\u00e9, krycie plodiny m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dobre sp\u00e1san\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak chceme zlep\u0161i\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku p\u00f4du, je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby sme sa na \u0148u pozerali ako na \u017eiv\u00fd syst\u00e9m. V prirodzenom syst\u00e9me \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy v p\u00f4de \u017eivia rastliny. Prirodzen\u00e1 l\u00faka alebo les nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u017eiadne umel\u00e9 pr\u00edsuny \u017eiv\u00edn, napriek tomu m\u00f4\u017eu produkova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u017eiv\u00edn v\u010faka zlo\u017eit\u00e9mu biologick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd rastlinstvo vy\u017eivuje. Nie je to jednosmern\u00fd proces. Rastliny bohato platia za mikr\u00f3by, ktor\u00e9 ich \u017eivia. Rastliny, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu fotosyntetizova\u0165, vymie\u0148aj\u00fa uhl\u00edk, ktor\u00fd uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa do p\u00f4dy, a zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u0161etko, \u010do \u017eije a h\u00fdbe sa, za biznis, aby z\u00edskali \u017eiviny, ktor\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017eu samy presk\u00fama\u0165. Organizmy \u017eij\u00face v p\u00f4de<\/a> je pre ne nevyhnutn\u00e9 ma\u0165 s\u00favisl\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00fd im poskytuje \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a potravu mimo obdobia rozmno\u017eovania. Tento rastlinn\u00fd kryt udr\u017eiava kontinuitu mikrobi\u00e1lneho \u017eivota v p\u00f4de, podporuje kolobeh \u017eiv\u00edn a pom\u00e1ha udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00faru p\u00f4dy po\u010das cel\u00e9ho roka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: shutterstock.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Myln\u00e1 predstava: krycie plodiny aj tak nikdy nevykl\u00ed\u010dia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNa\u010do sadi\u0165 kryciu plodinu, ke\u010f nebude r\u00e1s\u0165?\u201d - je be\u017en\u00e1 a opr\u00e1vnen\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Tam, kde je nedostatok zr\u00e1\u017eok, zl\u00e9 p\u00f4dne podmienky a sejba je technologicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, je to ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko. Na jar tohto roku ma oslovil m\u00f4j priate\u013e, mlad\u00fd farm\u00e1r, s n\u00e1padom premeni\u0165 10 hekt\u00e1rov\u00fa degradovan\u00fa plochu na zmie\u0161an\u00fd ovocn\u00fd sad. Pr\u00e1ce na zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed p\u00f4dy za\u010dal v\u00fdsevom zmesi semien mot\u00fd\u013eov a tr\u00e1v, roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch na predsadenej ploche. Bez dostato\u010dn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee konkuren\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda ambr\u00f3zie zv\u00ed\u0165azila a mravce a in\u00fd hmyz v oblasti sa mohli \u017eivi\u0165 jedovat\u00fdm semenom. M\u00f4\u017eeme to sk\u00fasi\u0165 znova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praktick\u00e9 rady pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010co hovor\u00ed sk\u00fasen\u00fd farm\u00e1r? Ferenc Berend<\/strong>majite\u013ea farmy Somogyi K\u00f3sz\u00e1l\u00f3 a \u010dlena predstavenstva zdru\u017eenia TMG, som sa ho op\u00fdtala, \u010do by poradil t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed s pestovan\u00edm kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn e\u0161te len za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNajprv si upratuj svoj priestor,\u201d odpovedal Ferenc Berend. \u201eAk sa na ploche nach\u00e1dza burina, ktor\u00fa treba zlikvidova\u0165, najprv sa s \u0148ou vysporiadajte a potom za\u010dnite s plo\u0161nou v\u00fdsadbou. Za\u010dnite so zmesou aspo\u0148 piatich a\u017e \u0161iestich druhov. Zahr\u0148te rovnak\u00fd podiel drobn\u00fdch semien, napr\u00edklad fac\u00e9lie ako mobiliz\u00e1tora fosforu, re\u010fkovky, ktor\u00e1 akumuluje, via\u017ee dus\u00edk a tr\u00e1vy. Neza\u010d\u00ednajte s piatimi a\u017e desiatimi kilogramami, ale zasejte 50 kilogramov na hekt\u00e1r.\u201d Ferenc tie\u017e zd\u00f4raznil, aby sme nesiali pr\u00edli\u0161 plytko, ale dostato\u010dne hlboko, aby semen\u00e1 vykl\u00ed\u010dili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eKrycie plodiny by sa mali pova\u017eova\u0165 za z\u00e1kladn\u00fa rastlinu,\u201d hovor\u00ed. Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3<\/strong> farm\u00e1r z kiskunmajsa, \u010dlen TMG a poradca pre regener\u00e1ciu. \u201eMali by by\u0165 umiestnen\u00e9 na rovnakej ploche bez buriny, riadne osiate a k\u0155men\u00e9. \u00darodnos\u0165 bur\u00edn je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia, preto\u017ee s\u00fa sk\u00f4r vo v\u00fdvoji a ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo produkuj\u00fa semen\u00e1.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pred tromi rokmi bol v Kiszombore vysaden\u00fd lesn\u00fd p\u00e1s (foto autor)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Myln\u00e1 predstava: odoberanie vody hlavnej plodine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ak sme u\u017e zasiali kryciu plodinu a vzkl\u00ed\u010dila, bude od\u010derp\u00e1va\u0165 vodu? \u201eNikdy ned\u00e1vajte kryciu plodinu pred plodiny zasiate na jese\u0148, preto\u017ee v\u00e1m odoberie vodu, je to v\u017edy ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, je tu ve\u013emi mal\u00e1 \u0161anca, \u017ee sa va\u0161ej hlavnej plodine bude dari\u0165,\u201d varuje Ferenc Berend s odkazom na klimatick\u00e9 a zr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 podmienky v Ma\u010farsku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na farme Ferenca Berenda sa krycie plodiny vys\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u017edy a\u017e po obilnin\u00e1ch a pred zberom \u00farody. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby boli pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 po\u010das celej zimy. Pieso\u010dn\u00fd ovos, ra\u017e, b\u00f4b, hrach, facelia, re\u010fkovka: to s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 druhy. K tomu pridajte v\u0161etky dvojro\u010dn\u00e9 semen\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 ste vynechali: napr. slne\u010dnicu, kukuricu. Na Ferencovej farme sp\u00e1saj\u00fa krycie plodiny 80-hl\u00e1vkov\u00fd \u017e\u013eab, a preto sa v zmesi pou\u017e\u00edva viac kukurice, ktor\u00e1 v\u0161ak po pr\u00edchode mrazov odch\u00e1dza ako prv\u00e1. Naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161ia zmes nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od druhov\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia, ale od po\u010dasia. Kedy sa jej dar\u00ed a kedy nie, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010di je dostatok zr\u00e1\u017eok a \u017eiv\u00edn na rast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skuto\u010dnos\u0165: Zlep\u0161uj\u00fa vodn\u00fa bilanciu a \u0161etria vodu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zdrav\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy dok\u00e1\u017ee zadr\u017ea\u0165 viac vody a zlep\u0161i\u0165 jej infiltr\u00e1ciu, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje povrchov\u00fd odtok a stres sp\u00f4soben\u00fd suchom. Kore\u0148ov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn zlep\u0161uj\u00fa p\u00f3rovitos\u0165 a drobiv\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru p\u00f4dy, \u010do pom\u00e1ha r\u00fdchlej\u0161ej a hlb\u0161ej infiltr\u00e1cii vody. Okrem toho rastlinn\u00e1 hmota pokr\u00fdvaj\u00faca povrch p\u00f4dy zni\u017euje v\u00fdpar, zni\u017euje straty vody a chr\u00e1ni p\u00f4du pred er\u00f3znymi \u00fa\u010dinkami da\u017e\u010fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa krycie plodiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00fdlu\u010dne ako zelen\u00e9 hnojivo, s\u00fa vlastne len od\u010derp\u00e1va\u010dom vody, preto\u017ee rastliny v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch f\u00e1zach svojho v\u00fdvoja odoberaj\u00fa z p\u00f4dy zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody. Probl\u00e9m sa \u010falej zhor\u0161uje aplik\u00e1ciou zelen\u00e9ho hnojenia. Ke\u010f sa po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 such\u0161ia jese\u0148 zmen\u00ed na vlh\u0161iu a po\u010das zimn\u00e9ho obdobia spadne dostatok zr\u00e1\u017eok, po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 straty vody sa vyrovnaj\u00fa a bilancia sa stane pozit\u00edvnou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZvykol som si hovori\u0165, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 dobytok spotrebuje 1 800 litrov vody denne a v najda\u017edivej\u0161\u00edch obdobiach ho nemus\u00edme bra\u0165 pi\u0165 cel\u00fd mesiac. Preto\u017ee v\u010faka neust\u00e1lej vlhkosti a da\u017e\u010fu aj na\u0161e krycie plodiny zachytia minim\u00e1lne to\u013eko vody na hekt\u00e1r za de\u0148,\u201d hovor\u00ed Ferenc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V tradi\u010dnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve sa na polia pravidelne vracal ma\u0161ta\u013en\u00fd hnoj, ktor\u00fd spoma\u013eoval degrad\u00e1ciu p\u00f4dy (foto: shutterstock.com)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je rastlinn\u00e1 doska skuto\u010dne \u017eivnou p\u00f4dou pre \u0161kodcov a patog\u00e9ny?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV\u017edy m\u00e1m pockmarks, ale nikdy nedoch\u00e1dza k ich grad\u00e1cii a nikdy nesp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my,\u201d hovor\u00ed Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3. \u201ePokia\u013e je tam rastlinn\u00fd kryt a m\u00f4\u017eu sa neru\u0161ene ukr\u00fdva\u0165 a pohybova\u0165, rozmno\u017euj\u00fa sa. Ke\u010f pr\u00edde zima a veget\u00e1cia zarastie a za\u010dn\u00fa by\u0165 vidite\u013en\u00e9 tunely a pohyb, drav\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky ich lovia.\u201d V okol\u00ed Kiskunmajsa sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pomerne mal\u00e9 s\u00favisl\u00e9 pol\u00ed\u010dka, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ohrani\u010den\u00e9 po\u010detn\u00fdmi skupinami stromov a lesov. V\u010faka mno\u017estvu stromov, a t\u00fdm aj \u00fakrytov a hniezdnych miest, je tu ve\u013ea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drav\u00fd vt\u00e1k. Cez de\u0148 ho decimuj\u00fa my\u0161iaky a psy a v noci sovy. Podobne sa vyjadril aj Ferenc Berend. Vlani sme mali probl\u00e9m s prasnicou, ale \u0161kody nepresiahli ekonomick\u00fd prah.\u201e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam, kde nie s\u00fa lesn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy alebo hniezdisk\u00e1, sa oplat\u00ed vysadi\u0165. Attila Szeredi<\/strong> po\u013enohospod\u00e1r zo Szisomboru, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dlenom predstavenstva Zdru\u017eenia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov pre obnovu p\u00f4dy, v spolupr\u00e1ci s ornitologick\u00fdm zdru\u017een\u00edm in\u0161taloval T-stromy a nory pre drav\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky. V roku 2022 za\u010dal Attila in\u0161talova\u0165 aj ochrann\u00e9 lesn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy na poliach, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 prostredie pre drav\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky. Medzi zalesnen\u00e9, krovinat\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, ktor\u00e9 tvor\u00ed viac ako desa\u0165 druhov, patria duby, javor po\u013en\u00fd, topo\u013e \u010dierny, \u010dere\u0161\u0148a vt\u00e1\u010dia, rozchodn\u00edk, hloh a vrana. Po\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy nie s\u00fa len dlhodob\u00fdm prostriedkom na regul\u00e1ciu v\u00fdmladkov. Poskytuj\u00fa ochranu pred vetrom a er\u00f3ziou, zlep\u0161uj\u00fa mikrokl\u00edmu a vodn\u00fa bilanciu p\u00f4dy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00fa biotopom pre \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch organizmov, \u010d\u00edm podporuj\u00fa regener\u00e1ciu krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Myln\u00e1 predstava: patog\u00e9ny sa mno\u017eia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAk pestujeme v monokult\u00fare, na ne\u017eivej p\u00f4de, je to skuto\u010dne \u017eivn\u00e1 p\u00f4da pre patog\u00e9ny,\u201d povedal Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3. Pod\u013ea neho striedanie plod\u00edn, pou\u017e\u00edvanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn a obilno-zeleninov\u00fdch medziplod\u00edn vytv\u00e1ra tak\u00e9 p\u00f4dne podmienky, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jeho farma \u010diasto\u010dne odoln\u00e1 vo\u010di hubov\u00fdm patog\u00e9nom. \u017dia\u013e, nie v\u017edy sa to podar\u00ed. V minulom roku sa v\u00fdchodnou \u010das\u0165ou krajiny prehnala epid\u00e9mia fuzari\u00f3zy hrachu. Prakticky zni\u010dila 100% pol\u00ed a Zolt\u00e1nova farma bola jednou z obet\u00ed. Pole s hrachom napadnut\u00fdm fuzari\u00f3zou bolo o\u0161etren\u00e9 ostnat\u00fdm veden\u00edm, ale choroba sa u\u017e neobjavila. Zolt\u00e1n vid\u00ed dve vysvetlenia: bu\u010f zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd \u017eivot v p\u00f4de, ktor\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkom regenera\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, neumo\u017e\u0148uje fuz\u00e1ri\u00e1m r\u00e1s\u0165, alebo rozklada\u010di v mikrobi\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpravku na b\u00e1ze \u010derv\u00edch v\u00fdkalov aplikovanom na p\u00f4du a o\u0161etrenie osiva spotrebovali prezimuj\u00face formuly patog\u00e9na v p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

St\u00f4l s prikr\u00fdvkou je \u017eivnou p\u00f4dou pre v\u0161etky druhy \u0161kodcov... ale je to tak?
(foto: shutterstock.com)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNem\u00e1me patologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m,\u201d odpovedal Ferenc Berend rozhodne, ke\u010f som sa ho op\u00fdtal na probl\u00e9my s mikrobiologick\u00fdmi patog\u00e9nmi. \u201eOdkedy sme zredukovali po\u010det pestovan\u00ed, ples\u0148ov\u00e9 a bakteri\u00e1lne choroby sa prakticky nevyskytuj\u00fa.\u201d V\u010faka regenera\u010dn\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m, ktor\u00fdch neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je pou\u017e\u00edvanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn, sa buduje biologick\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u00f4dy a rozv\u00edja sa jej prirodzen\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 potl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 choroby. Pod\u013ea Ferenca nie je pravda, \u017ee krycie plodiny a vrstva mul\u010da na povrchu s\u00fa \u017eivnou p\u00f4dou pre patog\u00e9ny. Na rozdiel od p\u00f4dy s\u00fa patog\u00e9ny pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v povrchovom mul\u010di ove\u013ea viac vystaven\u00e9 teplu a \u017eiareniu. \u201e\u017divotn\u00e9 podmienky pre ne jednoducho nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9,\u201d uzatv\u00e1ra Ferenc Berend, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 za sebou viac ako desa\u0165ro\u010die sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a \u00faspechov, ako aj mnoho ne\u00faspechov v oblasti regenera\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, bezorbov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy a kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie nebezpe\u010denstvo nehroz\u00ed, ak niekedy urob\u00edme chybu s kryc\u00edmi plodinami, ale ak sa budeme na\u010falej ne\u010dinne prizera\u0165, ako na\u0161a p\u00f4da pomaly str\u00e1ca svoju \u017eivotaschopnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krycie plodiny nie s\u00fa z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm prostriedkom, ale \u017eiv\u00fdm spojencom, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 prospe\u0161n\u00fd len vtedy, ak pochop\u00edme, ako funguje, a vedome ho za\u010dlen\u00edme do n\u00e1\u0161ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa ochotn\u00ed nahliadnu\u0165 hlb\u0161ie do \u017eivota svojej p\u00f4dy, nebud\u00fa vn\u00edma\u0165 krycie plodiny so strachom, ale ako pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165. Skuto\u010dnou ot\u00e1zkou nie je, \u010di sa oplat\u00ed zasia\u0165, ale \u010di si m\u00f4\u017eeme dovoli\u0165 nezasia\u0165. Koniec koncov, regener\u00e1cia sa neuskuto\u010dn\u00ed zo d\u0148a na de\u0148 - ale ka\u017ed\u00e9 zasiate semeno je krokom k \u00farodnej\u0161ej, odolnej\u0161ej p\u00f4de a k \u017eivotu prospe\u0161nej bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1sady zdravia p\u00f4dy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vyh\u00fdbanie sa zamotaniu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f4du mo\u017eno naru\u0161i\u0165 tromi sp\u00f4sobmi: fyzik\u00e1lne, chemicky a biologicky. Najbe\u017enej\u0161ou formou fyzik\u00e1lneho naru\u0161enia p\u00f4dy je orba a in\u00e9 intenz\u00edvne sp\u00f4soby obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy. Orbou sa na povrch dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa hlb\u0161ie vrstvy p\u00f4dy, pri\u010dom sa do p\u00f4dy primie\u0161avaj\u00fa organick\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky rastl\u00edn, \u010d\u00edm sa ur\u00fdch\u013euje rozklad organickej hmoty. Hoci postupy bez obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy, ako napr\u00edklad diskov\u00e1 orba, p\u00f4du neobracaj\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne po\u0161kodi\u0165 jej \u017eiv\u00e9 tkanivo a \u0161trukt\u00faru. Chemick\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm nadmern\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozi\u0165 p\u00f4dne mikroorganizmy. K biologick\u00e9mu naru\u0161eniu doch\u00e1dza napr\u00edklad pri nadmernom sp\u00e1san\u00ed alebo zavle\u010den\u00ed cudz\u00edch, ru\u0161iv\u00fdch organizmov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zem by mala by\u0165 v\u017edy pokryt\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f4da m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pokryt\u00e1 \u017eivou veget\u00e1ciou alebo vrstvou p\u00f4dy bez \u017eivota. Pokrytie p\u00f4dy je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k ochrane povrchu t\u00fdm, \u017ee zmier\u0148uje vplyvy prostredia, ako s\u00fa er\u00f3zne sily da\u017e\u010fa a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky priameho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Pokrytie p\u00f4dy pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 vetern\u00fa a vodn\u00fa er\u00f3ziu, zlep\u0161uje infiltr\u00e1ciu zr\u00e1\u017ekovej a zavla\u017eovacej vody, zni\u017euje v\u00fdpar a pom\u00e1ha potl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 burinu. Poskytuje tie\u017e \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie pre organizmy \u017eij\u00face v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00e9 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v potravinovom re\u0165azci p\u00f4dy a jej zdravom fungovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

maj\u00fa trval\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kore\u0148ov\u00e9 exud\u00e1ty z hlavn\u00fdch plod\u00edn a kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn zasiatych mimo vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia z\u00e1sobuj\u00fa p\u00f4dnu sie\u0165 \u017eivinami po\u010das cel\u00e9ho roka a podporuj\u00fa pre\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dnych mikroorganizmov. Korene rastl\u00edn sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na tvorbe a udr\u017eiavan\u00ed drobivej \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00f4dy a pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 p\u00f3ry, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vne prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie p\u00f4dy a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa infiltr\u00e1ciu vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvy\u0161ovanie rozmanitosti rastl\u00edn<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1ujme zachovania a zv\u00fd\u0161enia biodiverzity sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pestr\u00e9 striedanie plod\u00edn, spolo\u010dn\u00e9 pestovanie, medziplodiny a r\u00f4zne krycie plodiny. Tieto met\u00f3dy napodob\u0148uj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 rozmanit\u00fdch rastlinn\u00fdch druhov pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch pri vzniku p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00e9 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu pri budovan\u00ed p\u00f4dy a rozvoji bohatej a stabilnej potravinovej siete. Tak\u00e9to rozmanit\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa odolnej\u0161ie vo\u010di rastlinn\u00fdm patog\u00e9nom a chorob\u00e1m, \u010d\u00edm prispievaj\u00fa k dlhodobo udr\u017eate\u013enej produkcii plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dlenenie zvierat do syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161na a rastlinn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba v\u00fdrazne oddelen\u00e9, hoci v tradi\u010dnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve sa ma\u0161ta\u013en\u00fd hnoj pravidelne vracia na polia, \u010d\u00edm sa spoma\u013euje degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy. V regenera\u010dn\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych syst\u00e9moch m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zvierat\u00e1 zapojen\u00e9: sp\u00e1san\u00edm stoniek hlavnej plodiny a kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn sa hnojivo aplikuje priamo do p\u00f4dy bez toho, aby bolo potrebn\u00e9 ju naru\u0161i\u0165. T\u00fdm sa podporuje prirodzen\u00fd kolobeh \u017eiv\u00edn a podporuje sa \u017eivot v p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znalos\u0165 kontextu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recept na regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo neexistuje. Zlep\u0161enie zdravia p\u00f4dy nie je univerz\u00e1lny proces. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 rozhodnutia v oblasti po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva musia zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 miestne environment\u00e1lne, hospod\u00e1rske a soci\u00e1lne podmienky. Patr\u00ed sem napr\u00edklad typ p\u00f4dy, podnebie, zr\u00e1\u017eky, topografia, dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a pracovn\u00e1 sila a ciele a mo\u017enosti farmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vsadi\u0165 alebo nevsadi\u0165 - to je ot\u00e1zka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Krycie plodiny nie s\u00fa v\u0161eliekom, ale \u017eiv\u00fdm spojencom pre zdravie p\u00f4dy. Ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie si vy\u017eaduje informovanos\u0165, pr\u00edpravu a sk\u00fasenosti, ale investovan\u00e1 energia sa z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska oplat\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zasiate semeno je krokom k \u00farodnej\u0161ej a odolnej\u0161ej p\u00f4de. Skuto\u010dnou ot\u00e1zkou dnes u\u017e nie je \u201e\u010di sa oplat\u00ed zasia\u0165\u201d, ale \u010di si to m\u00f4\u017eeme dovoli\u0165. Udr\u017eiavanie \u017eivota v p\u00f4de nie je len agronomickou, ale aj environment\u00e1lnou a soci\u00e1lnou zodpovednos\u0165ou. Ke\u010f pochop\u00edme, ako tento syst\u00e9m funguje, krycie plodiny sa stan\u00fa invest\u00edciou - nie n\u00e1kladom - do bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: shutterstock.com<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: V\u00edg Vit\u00e1lia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor je p\u00f4dny ekol\u00f3g, ved\u00faci vzdel\u00e1vacieho programu Zdru\u017eenia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov pre obnovu p\u00f4dy a zakladate\u013e organiz\u00e1cie Terravitka.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek a talaj regener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak elengedhetetlen pill\u00e9rei, m\u00e9gis sz\u00e1mos t\u00e9vhit \u00f6vezi a takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si rendszerbe. \u201eBesz\u00e9ltem mostan\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb gazd\u00e1val is, \u00e9s az az \u00e9rz\u00e9sem, hogy rendet kellene tenni a fejekben\u201d \u2013 keresett meg egy bar\u00e1tom, TMG-tagt\u00e1rsam (Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclet\u00e9b\u0151l) a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban. R\u00e1vil\u00e1g\u00edtott, hogy szerinte t\u00e9ves inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k keringenek a takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek haszn\u00e1lata k\u00f6r\u00fcl, amiket \u00e9rdemes lenne […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":10976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-10975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noveny","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e9nyek \u00e9s t\u00e9vhitek a takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekr\u0151l - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/sk\/fakty-a-cisla-o-takaronovenye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00e9nyek \u00e9s t\u00e9vhitek a takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekr\u0151l - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek a talaj regener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak elengedhetetlen pill\u00e9rei, m\u00e9gis sz\u00e1mos t\u00e9vhit \u00f6vezi a takar\u00f3n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si rendszerbe. \u201eBesz\u00e9ltem mostan\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb gazd\u00e1val is, \u00e9s az az \u00e9rz\u00e9sem, hogy rendet kellene tenni a fejekben\u201d \u2013 keresett meg egy bar\u00e1tom, TMG-tagt\u00e1rsam (Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclet\u00e9b\u0151l) a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban. 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