{"id":10986,"date":"2025-08-25T23:40:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T21:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/?p=10986"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:23:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:23:42","slug":"intercropping-as-a-possible-alternative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/en\/intercropping-as-a-possible-alternative\/","title":{"rendered":"Intercropping as a possible alternative"},"content":{"rendered":"

How can we save our soils and our economy at the same time?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic and weather unpredictability of recent years has posed serious challenges for farmers. It is becoming increasingly difficult to keep the economy under control, while the EU Green Deal<\/em> we also have to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of. Many people see these regulations as unnecessary burdens and would prefer to avoid them altogether.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But when you consider the speed at which our climate is changing, the degradation of our soils - and with it the quality of our food - and the kind of world we want to leave for our children and grandchildren, it's easy to see that there is no other way. We must embrace change and act for the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soil building and economics - can they go together?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intercropping can be a solution. This method allows you to harvest several different types of economic crops from the same area within one growing cycle. In intercropping, different crop species are grown in spatially separated rows or strips, while in intercropping, different crop species are grown\u00a0keverve vetik<\/strong>\u00a0el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rye and blonde vetch, Ferencsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s, Kukutyin Workshop (photo: V\u00edg Vit\u00e1lia)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The coexistence of cereals such as wheat, rye, barley or triticale with leguminous crops such as peas, vetches, broad beans offers a number of agronomic advantages, especially in areas with low rainfall. Toker and colleagues<\/em>\u00a0(2024, doi.org\/10.1080\/1343943X.2024.2372878) have summarized several studies showing that the different root structures of cereals and legumes in such associated systems complement each other well, resulting in more efficient water and nutrient uptake, especially in rainfall-poor areas. They also emphasise the importance of nitrogen utilisation: while legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen, cereals can partly use it in the second half of the growing season. As a result, the need for external fertilisers is reduced, which means both economic savings and environmental benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

After separation: autumn peas and broad beans and some rye, Ferencsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s, Kukutyin Workshop (photo: Attila Szab\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But interaction does not only work at the physical level. Associated plants promote the presence of beneficial soil microorganisms such as rhizobia and mycorrhizae. These microbes improve nutrient cycling and increase the plants' resistance to various environmental stresses. Recent scientific results show that not only the species used, but also the genetic match of each variety is a key factor in the success of an intercropping system. For example Demie et al.<\/em> (2022, doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.846720) summarised the results of more than 69 studies and showed that the efficiency of cereal and legume co-cropping depends significantly on the varieties (genotypes) chosen: the characteristics of the varieties used, such as their growing time, height and root system, can affect the co-cropping efficiency of a crop. for efficient crop rotation,<\/strong> and this has a major impact on the combined return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They have also found that short-stemmed cereal varieties usually perform better in mixed systems because they cause less shading for legumes, so light control and spatial distribution are more ideal - again a result of well-chosen synergy between genotypes. Paired systems also perform well in nutrient-poor, low rainfall conditions. By working together, the soil microclimate is improved: the canopy of one plant can provide shade or reduce soil evaporation, which favours the growth of the other plant. In addition, co-sowing can effective weed suppressor <\/strong>as the denser plant stand leaves less space and light for weeds - reducing the need for chemical treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intercropping experiments at MATE's Szeged research station have shown that significant weed suppression can be achieved by intercropping legumes with cereals without the use of herbicides, while yield losses can be minimized. When the same was combined with appropriate chemical weed control, the combined yield was higher than when only one type of crop was sown (Dr. Melinda Tar<\/em>, personal communication from the Chief Research Fellow of the MGK, University of Szeged).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this article, we focus on the more difficult but more profitable direction, the possibilities of co-sowing for grain production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What aspects should be taken into account?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If the aim is to harvest seeds, three things are particularly important:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. The plants should arrive at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. They must be harvested with the same machine and the same settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The harvested seeds should be easy to separate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2023 pea-wheat sowing in Kiskunmajaja (photo: Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: winter peas and winter wheat<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the simplest and most tried and tested pairs is winter peas and winter wheat. They can be sown at the same time, at the same depth, with the same drill. With the right choice of varieties, they can also be matured in synchrony and harvested with the same combine setting without loss. And the seeds can be easily separated afterwards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrotechnical aspects and pitfalls<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Variety selection: a key issue, as the two plants need to remain in balance. Avoid pea varieties that develop too much vegetative mass. In wheat, if it is a well-bushing type, reduce the amount of seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Sowing rate: 50-50% or 60% peas, 40% wheat is recommended. At these ratios, the interaction still works well and neither crop overpowers the other. In the 50-50 ratio, the year and the site will decide which one dominates. A ratio of 60-40 may be preferable because of the nitrogen-holding capacity and higher market value of peas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Sowing method: it can be sown in one or two passes, but a double pass means extra costs and trampling damage. Single pass sowing can be done in the same row or in alternate rows. Both have their advantages. Single row seeding, for example, can result in closer root connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Weed control: because of the narrower range of herbicides available due to the co-sown crops, it is important that the area is weed-free at sowing. Direct seeding is preferable as a well-timed total weed control will keep the stand clean. If necessary, MCPB-active formulations can be used for postemergent treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Sowing time: adjust to the sowing time of the peas. Sowing too early in good weather can lead to overdevelopment and aphid emergence. Too late sowing, on the other hand, can cause weak stands and frost susceptibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wheat and peas in the winter frost (photo: Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interaction of plants<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the biggest advantages of intercropping is that the two plants\u00a0biological defences reinforce each other.<\/strong>\u00a0Pests and pathogens spread less than in monoculture. The root zones of dicotyledonous (peas) and monocotyledonous (wheat) plants also complement each other: they excrete different root acids, attract different microorganisms and together contribute to enriching soil life. Both plants are also able to form mycorrhizal associations, which allow them to share nutrients. The nitrogen fixed by peas can also help wheat to grow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economic benefits - why is it worth it?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under favourable soil conditions and suitable weather conditions outside nitrogen source <\/strong>can be achieved without the use of a small-scale system, with a yield of up to 4-6 tonnes of wheat per hectare, which can be combined with an additional 1-2.5 tonnes of peas. But even in poorer areas, it may be worth trying intercropping on your own farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sandy soils of kiskunmajsa, for example, are not among the best wheat producing areas, but the results are encouraging: Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3 (the Soil Renewal Farmers<\/a> Association), the 2023 harvest figures show that half a tonne of wheat was harvested for 2 tonnes of peas. He used 2.5 million wheat germ and 0.5 million pea germ for sowing, and applied only 400 kg of vinasse per hectare as a nutrient supplement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even if the two crops are sold in bulk as fodder, the economic results are already better than if the wheat is grown alone. But if they are sold separately for human consumption, they are of even higher value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the food production of dry pulses in our country is practically zero, while the majority of pulses on the shelves are of Canadian or Indian origin. But they could be produced here too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The price of milling wheat is not much higher than that of feed wheat, while peas are 150-200 HUF\/kg as feed and about 350 HUF per half-kilo package as human food. This makes it easy to calculate how much additional income can be generated with a relatively small investment - not to mention the value of the nitrogen retained by peas in the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why not just grow peas?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It may be a fair question: if peas are so valuable, why not grow them on their own? The answer has already been partly given in the previous part of this article: the ecological benefits of intercropping and co-sowing - soil improvement<\/a>, weed suppression, disease resistance - all are lost if you grow only peas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another practical argument is that peas, if grown without a supporting plant, can easily flatten and spread on the ground as they ripen, making harvesting difficult or even impossible. Conversely, when combined with wheat, for example, the wheat helps to \u201ehold\u201d the peas, which then ripen standing and are much easier to harvest. In addition, the root mass left over after the no-till system<\/a> contributes significantly to replenishing soil organic matter and feeding soil decomposers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rye and vetch, Kiskunmajsa (photo: Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weaker areas: rye-vetch association<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If the soil conditions of the area<\/a> or rainfall is not favourable for wheat or peas, a good choice may be to combine rye and vetch. Although the range of varieties is narrower, a combination that works well can be developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- It is important to give the vetch the space it needs. Because of its slower initial growth, it can easily be overwhelmed by fast-growing rye if it is too abundant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- The vetch starts spectacularly when the spring is warm, so the sowing rate should be adjusted accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Recommended seed rates: rye: 1.2-2 million germs\/ha (~40-60 kg), vetch: 2-2.4 million germs\/ha (~60-70 kg).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the seed is sown in a weed-free area and the initial development is good, weeds will almost certainly not be a problem later. Rye is likely to mature slightly earlier, but you will have to wait until vetch matures before harvesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rye and vetch after harvest, Kiskunmajsa (photo: Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sowing butterflies without a harvesting target<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One possible purpose of co-sowing is to harvest the main crop, such as a cereal, while the butterfly crops sown with it are mainly introduced for diversification and nitrogen fixation. A practical example of this is found on the Kukutyin Workshop farm in Ferencsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s, where rye and bunches of wheat are sown with four different butterfly species: beech, purple loosestrife, broad bean and winter pea. The main role of butterfly crops here is not necessarily to harvest, but to increase soil nitrogen and agroecological diversity. If the butterfly crops produce enough seeds, the farm will use them for the following year's sowing, thus completing the cycle of the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sustainable management with associated systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intercropping practices offer an increasingly important alternative to climate change<\/a>, land degradation and economic uncertainty. The combination of cereals and butterfly crops not only increases yields, but also improves soil conditions, reduces fertiliser requirements and promotes sustainable farming. The key to success is the right choice of species and cultivars, as genetic compatibility is crucial for the efficiency of the system. Examples that work well in practice are winter wheat-maize pea and rye-vetch combinations, which can be harvested simultaneously and easily separated. Such systems not only offer ecological benefits, but can also provide economic security for future agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Vit\u00e1lia V\u00edg, soil ecologist, education programme officer of the Soil Renewal Farmers Association, founder of Terravitka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zolt\u00e1n Szab\u00f3, geographer, agricultural technician, regenerative farmer, head of the research committee of the Soil Renewal Farmers Association<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hogyan ments\u00fck meg egyszerre a talajainkat \u00e9s a gazdas\u00e1gunkat? Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vek gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si kisz\u00e1m\u00edthatatlans\u00e1ga komoly kih\u00edv\u00e1sok el\u00e9 \u00e1ll\u00edtotta a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3kat. Egyre nehezebb k\u00e9zben tartani a gazdas\u00e1g ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, mik\u00f6zben az uni\u00f3s Green Deal szigorod\u00f3 el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sainak is meg kell feleln\u00fcnk. Sokan ezeket a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sokat csup\u00e1n felesleges neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9lik meg, \u00e9s legsz\u00edvesebben messzir\u0151l elker\u00fcln\u00e9k \u0151ket. Ha azonban v\u00e9giggondoljuk, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":10987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,48],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-10986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noveny","category-talaj","tag-cikk"],"yoast_head":"\nAz intercropping mint lehets\u00e9ges alternat\u00edva - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tmg.hu\/en\/intercropping-as-a-possible-alternative\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az intercropping mint lehets\u00e9ges alternat\u00edva - Talajmeg\u00faj\u00edt\u00f3 Gazd\u00e1k Egyes\u00fclete\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hogyan ments\u00fck meg egyszerre a talajainkat \u00e9s a gazdas\u00e1gunkat? 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Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vek gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si kisz\u00e1m\u00edthatatlans\u00e1ga komoly kih\u00edv\u00e1sok el\u00e9 \u00e1ll\u00edtotta a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3kat. Egyre nehezebb k\u00e9zben tartani a gazdas\u00e1g ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, mik\u00f6zben az uni\u00f3s Green Deal szigorod\u00f3 el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sainak is meg kell feleln\u00fcnk. Sokan ezeket a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sokat csup\u00e1n felesleges neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9lik meg, \u00e9s legsz\u00edvesebben messzir\u0151l elker\u00fcln\u00e9k \u0151ket. 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